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作者：Duranton, G; Haniotis, T
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper develops a general equilibrium theory of endogenous firm and class formation under non-contractibility with heterogeneous individuals. A collectivist economy, a private-ownership economy, and a mixed economy are compared on the basis of identical economic fundamentals (methodological symmetry). Each economic system generates specific inefficiencies so that none dominates the others in general. The main trade-off is between the welfare loss associated with risk-taking in the private-...
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作者：Stephens, M Jr; Ward-Batts, J
作者单位：Claremont Colleges; Claremont Graduate University; Claremont McKenna College; Carnegie Mellon University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The income tax system in the United Kingdom moved from joint to independent taxation of husbands' and wives' income in 1990. One interesting aspect of independent taxation is the ability for households to choose the division of household assets between the two spouses. This tax reform, therefore, creates an opportunity for households to engage in a form of tax avoidance by shifting their investment income to the spouse with the lower marginal tax rate. We use Family Expenditure Survey (FES) da...
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作者：Bilodeau, M; Gravel, N
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Indianapolis; Universite Paul-Valery; Universite de Montpellier
摘要：We examine, both in general games in strategic form and in games of voluntary provision of a public good, some implications of the assumption that individuals may obey ethical codes of conduct. The notion of morality considered captures the intuition (often attributed to Kant) that a moral action leads to the best outcome when it is properly universalized. We propose a formalization of this idea which generalizes earlier attempts made in this direction in the literature by allowing the players...
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作者：Kalaitzidakis, P; Kalyvitis, S
作者单位：University of Crete; Athens University of Economics & Business
摘要：An infrastructure-led growth model is constructed where the durability of public capital is endogenous and varies according to its usage and the level of maintenance expenditure. Policy changes in total expenditures and the maintenance share are shown to be important for the steady state and the dynamic behavior of the economy. The optimal (growth-maximizing) taxation burden which goes to both 'new' investment and maintenance expenditure is, in contrast to standard results from other growth mo...
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作者：Redoano, M; Scharf, KA
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of Warwick; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Warwick
摘要：This paper analyzes policy centralization outcomes in a two-jurisdiction model of public good provision choices with heterogeneous policy preferences and intedurisdictional policy spillovers under two alternative political procedures, direct referendum and representative democracy. We show that policy centralization is more likely to occur if the choice to centralize is made by elected policyrnakers rather than by referendum. In these situations, centralized policies converge to the preferred ...
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作者：Naito, H
作者单位：University of Osaka; University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：Recently, several papers have reexamined the so-called production efficiency theorem and the Atkinson and Stiglitz theorem on commodity taxes in the optimal taxation literature. Naito [J. Public Econ. 71 (1999) 65] showed that indirect redistribution through production distortion or consumption distortion can Pareto-improve welfare and that the two theorems do not necessarily hold when different factors are imperfect substitutes and factor prices are endogenous. On the other hand, Saez J. Publ...
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作者：Kuziemko, Y; Levitt, SD
作者单位：University of Chicago; Harvard University
摘要：The number of prisoners incarcerated on drug-related offenses rose 15-fold between 1980 and 2000. This paper provides the first systematic empirical analysis of the implications of that dramatic shift in public policy. We estimate that cocaine prices are 5-15% higher today as a consequence of increases in drug punishment since 1985, presumably leading to reduced drug consumption. Incarcerating drug offenders is found to be almost as effective in reducing violent and property crime as locking u...
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作者：Andreoni, J; Petrie, R
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
摘要：Laboratory researchers in economics assiduously protect the confidentiality of subjects. Why? Presumably because they fear that the social consequences of identifying subjects and their choices would significantly alter the economic incentives of the game. But these may be the same social effects that institutions, like charitable fund-raising, are manipulating to help overcome free riding and to promote economic efficiency. We present an experiment that unmasks subjects in a systematic and co...
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作者：Chisik, R; Davies, RB
作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida International University; University of Oregon
摘要：Tax treaties are often viewed as a mechanism for eliminating tax competition, however, this approach ignores the need for bargaining over the treaty's terms. This paper focuses on how bargaining can affect the withholding taxes set under the treaty. In a simple framework, we develop hypotheses about patterns in treaty tax rates. A key determinant for these patterns is the relative size of bilateral foreign direct investment (FDI) activity. In plausible situations, more asymmetric countries wil...
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作者：Jensen, RT
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：This paper investigates whether government transfer programs displace or 'crowd out' private support, focusing on a large increase in state old age pensions in South Africa. Using data spanning the period of the expansion, we find that each rand of public pension income to the elderly leads to a 0.25-0.30 rand reduction in private transfers from children living away from home. However, despite the large increase in income, there were no significant changes in migration, labor supply or househo...
