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作者：Fryer, Roland G., Jr.
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The literature on statistical discrimination shows that ex-ante identical groups may be differentially treated in discriminatory equilibria. This paper constructs a dynamic model of statistical discrimination and explores what happens to the individuals who nonetheless overcome the initial discrimination. If an employer discriminates against a group of workers in her initial hiring, she may actually favor the successful members of that group when she promotes from within the firm. The worker's...
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作者：McKinnish, Terra
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：This paper extends and synthesizes the various approaches used in the recent welfare migration literature to both offer the most comprehensive set of tests to date for welfare migration and to also determine the relative importance of short-distance moves in welfare migration flows. The current study follows on the finding of McKinnish [McKinnish T. Importing the poor: welfare magnetism and cross-border welfare migration. Journal of Human Resources 2005-40; 57-76.] of welfare migration effects...
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作者：Milligan, Kevin; Stabile, Mark
作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of Toronto; University of Toronto
摘要：In 1998, the Canadian government introduced a new child tax credit. The innovation in the program was its integration with social assistance (welfare). Some provinces agreed to subtract the new federally-paid benefits from provincially-paid social assistance, partially lowering the welfare wall. Other provinces did not integrate benefits, providing a quasi-experimental framework for estimation. We find large changes in social assistance take-up and employment in provinces that provided the lab...
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作者：Davidson, Carl; Martin, Lawrence; Wilson, John Douglas
作者单位：Michigan State University; University of Nottingham
摘要：This paper investigates analytically the welfare effects of black-market activities that firms undertake to evade taxes. The desirability of a black market is linked to the attributes of the goods supplied by blackmarket firms. The analysis identifies cases where a black market reduces (increases) the distortionary impact of taxation on the allocation of resources across the goods that the government is attempting to tax, leading to a welfare gain (loss). (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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作者：Kopczuk, Wojciech; Pop-Eleches, Cristian
作者单位：Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In 2002 more than 18 million low-income individual taxpayers received the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). Despite its size, non-participation in this program is a concern and substantial effort is devoted by the IRS, local governments and many non-profits to address it. Using variation across states in the introduction of state electronic filing programs, we show that the introduction of electronic filing had a significant effect on participation in the EITC. Our results are robust to account...
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作者：Campante, Filipe R.; Ferreira, Francisco H. G.
作者单位：The World Bank; Harvard University
摘要：This paper analyzes the efficiency consequences of lobbying in a production economy with imperfect commitment. We first show that the Pareto efficiency result found for truthful equilibria of common agency games in static exchange economies no longer holds under these more general conditions. We construct a model of pressure groups where the set of efficient truthful common agency equilibria has measure zero. Second, we show that, under fairly general assumptions, the equilibrium will be biase...
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作者：Dellis, Arnaud
作者单位：University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa
摘要：Delays in the adoption of reforms is an important question in political economics. This paper explores this issue in the context of a representative democracy where the government is a coalition and citizens observe neither the decision-making process, nor politicians' preferences for a reform. We show that a coalition member who favors a reform may nonetheless choose to veto its adoption (thus delaying it until after the next election) and let his coalition partners share the blame for the no...
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作者：Dehejia, Rajeev; DeLeire, Thomas; Luttmer, Erzo F. P.
作者单位：Harvard University; Tufts University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Michigan State University; Congressional Budget Office
摘要：This paper examines whether involvement with religious organizations can help insure consumption and happiness. Using data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey (CEX), we find that households who contribute to a religious organization are better able to insure their consumption against income shocks. Using the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH), we find that individuals who attend religious services are better able to insure their happiness against income shocks. Overall, our res...
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作者：Oreopoulos, Philip
作者单位：Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); University of Toronto
摘要：This paper uses compulsory schooling laws to evaluate high school dropout decisions. The main empirical result is that lifetime wealth increases by about 15% with an extra year of compulsory schooling. Students compelled to stay in school are also less likely to report being in poor health, unemployed, and unhappy. The main conclusion is that high school aversion alone is unlikely to explain why dropouts forgo substantial gains to lifetime wealth. The results are more consistent with the possi...
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作者：Bardhan, Pranab; Ghatak, Maitreesh; Karaivanov, Alexander
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Simon Fraser University
摘要：We study the effect of inequality in the distribution of endowments of private inputs (e.g., land, wealth) that are complementary in production with collective inputs (e.g., contribution to public goods such as irrigation and extraction from common-property resources) on efficiency in a class of collective action problems. We focus on characterizing the joint surplus maximizing level of inequality, making due distinction between contributors and non-contributors, in a framework that allows us ...
