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作者：Card, David; Rothstein, Jesse
作者单位：Princeton University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Racial segregation is often blamed for some of the achievement gap between blacks and whites. We study the effects of school and neighborhood segregation on the relative SAT scores of black students across different metropolitan areas, using large microdata samples for the 1998-2001 test cohorts. Our models include detailed controls for the family background of individual test-takers, school-level controls for selective participation in the test, and city-level controls for racial composition,...
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作者：Coile, Courtney C.; Levine, Phillip B.
作者单位：Wellesley College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper argues that labor market conditions are an important and often overlooked determinant of retirement transitions. In our analysis, we examine how the unemployment rate affects retirement and whether the Social Security (SS) system and Unemployment Insurance (UI) system influence how older workers respond to labor market shocks. We use pooled cross-sectional data from the March Current Population Survey (CPS) in our analysis. We find that downturns in the labor market increase retirem...
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作者：Duggan, Mark; Singleton, Perry; Song, Jae
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Brookings Institution; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The Social Security Amendments of 1983 reduced the generosity of Social Security retired worker benefits in the U.S. by increasing the program's fall retirement age from 65 to 67 and increasing the penalty for claiming benefits at the early retirement age of 62. These changes were phased in gradually, so that individuals born in or before 1937 were unaffected and those born in 1960 or later were fully affected. No corresponding changes were made to the program's disabled worker benefits, and t...
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作者：Booker, Kevin; Gilpatric, Scott M.; Gronberg, Timothy; Jansen, Dennis
作者单位：University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
摘要：We employ a panel of individual student data on math and reading test performance for five cohorts of students in Texas to study the impact of charter school attendance. We control for school mobility effects and distinguish movement to a charter school from movement within and between traditional public school districts. We find students experience poor test score growth in their initial year in a charter school, but that this is followed by recovery in the subsequent years. Failure to accoun...
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作者：Lopez, Ramon; Galinato, Gregmar I.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：This paper empirically documents the effects of subsidizing private goods to the detriment of the government's supply of public goods. We use a new data set from the rural sector in fifteen Latin American countries over the period 1985-2001 collected using a methodology that allows us to separate government subsidies to private goods from expenditures in the provision of public goods. The econometric evidence shows that the government's decision to subsidize either private or public goods has ...
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作者：Evans, William N.; Owens, Emily G.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 established the Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) program that provided grants to states and localities to pay up to 75% of the cost for new police hires for 3 years. To date, the COPS program has awarded almost $5 billion in hiring grants paying for 64,000 new police officers. We use annual data from 1990 through 2001 from 2074 cities with populations in excess of 10,000 to show that for each officer paid for by grant funds, ...
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作者：Engelhardt, Gary V.; Kumar, Anil
作者单位：Syracuse University; Syracuse University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Dallas
摘要：Employer matching of employee 401(k)contributions is often touted as a powerful incentive to save for retirement and is a key component in pension-plan design in the United States. Using detailed administrative contribution, earnings, and pension-plan data from the Health and Retirement Study, this analysis formulates a life-cycle-consistent econometric specification of 401(k) saving and estimates the determinants of saving accounting for non-linearities in the household budget set induced by ...
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作者：Andreoni, James
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：When a single gift goes to a group of recipients, how does giving depend on the size of the group? This question is important for understanding charitable giving and fund-raising, public goods provision, family altruism, and more. If we think of the gift as giving up a dollar to create a social surplus, then we want to know how the number of recipients of that surplus affects its value to the giver. In other words, how congestible is altruism? This paper builds a theoretical framework for this...
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作者：Boadway, Robin; Song, Zhen; Tremblay, Jean-Francois
作者单位：Queens University - Canada; University of Ottawa
摘要：We study multi-stage processes of non-cooperative voluntary provision of public goods. In the first stage, one or more players announce contributions that may be conditional on the subsequent contributions of others. In later stages, players choose their own contributions and fulfill any commitments made in the first stage. Equilibrium contributions are characterized under different assumptions about the commitment ability of players, the number of public goods and whether players commit to ma...
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作者：Hellwig, Martin F.
作者单位：Max Planck Society
摘要：The paper provides a new formulation of the Mirrlees-Seade theorem on the positivity of the optimal marginal income tax, under weaker assumptions and in a more general model. The formulation of the theorem is independent of whether the model involves finitely many types or a continuous type distribution. The formal argument makes the underlying logic transparent, relating the mathematics to the economics and showing precisely how each assumption enters the analysis. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All ...
