-
作者：Korenok, Oleg; Millner, Edward L.; Razzolini, Laura
作者单位：Virginia Commonwealth University
摘要：We design an experiment to test whether incomplete crowding out in dictator games can be rationalized by the impurely altruistic preferences. By giving the recipients an endowment of varying levels, we create an environment in which crowding out may occur. We find that the behavior of 66% of the dictators can be rationalized by the impurely altruistic utility function. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
-
作者：Castillo, Marco; Petrie, Ragan; Torero, Maximo; Vesterlund, Lise
作者单位：George Mason University; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Relying on a commonly used fixed-offer bargaining script we examine gender differences in bargaining outcomes in a highly competitive and frequently used market: the taxi market in Lima, Peru. Our bargaining script secures that only the seller can change prices and terminate negotiations, thus we are able to examine differences in the seller's entire path of negotiation and in the reservation price at which they are willing to trade. We find that male and female passengers who use the same bar...
-
作者：Calsamiglia, Caterina; Franke, Joerg; Rey-Biel, Pedro
作者单位：Autonomous University of Barcelona; Barcelona School of Economics; Dortmund University of Technology
摘要：Affirmative action policies bias tournament rules in order to provide equal opportunities to a group of competitors who have a disadvantage they cannot be held responsible for. Its implementation affects the underlying incentive structure which might induce lower performance by participants, and additionally result in a selected pool of tournament winners that is less efficient. In this paper, we study the empirical validity of such concerns in a case where the disadvantage affects capacities ...
-
作者：Chin, Aimee; Daysal, N. Meltem; Imberman, Scott A.
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston; University of Southern Denmark; Michigan State University
摘要：Texas requires a school district to offer bilingual education when its enrollment of limited English proficient (LEP) students in a particular elementary grade and language is twenty or higher. Using school panel data, we find a significant increase in the probability that a district provides bilingual education above this 20-student cutoff. Using this discontinuity as an instrument for district bilingual education provision, we find that providing bilingual education programs (relative to pro...
-
作者：Galiani, Sebastian; McEwan, Patrick J.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Wellesley College
摘要：The Honduran PRAF experiment randomly assigned conditional cash transfers to 40 of 70 poor municipalities, within five strata defined by a poverty proxy. Using census data, we show that eligible children were 8 percentage points more likely to enroll in school and 3 percentage points less likely to work. The effects were much larger in the two poorest strata, and statistically insignificant in the other three (the latter finding is robust to the use of a separate regression-discontinuity desig...
-
作者：Smart, Michael; Sturm, Daniel M.
作者单位：University of Toronto; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Periodic elections are the main instrument through which voters can hold politicians accountable. From this perspective term limits, which restrict voters' ability to reward politicians with re-election, appear counterproductive. We show that despite the disciplining effect of elections, term limits can be ex-ante welfare improving from the perspective of voters. By reducing the value of holding office, term limits can induce politicians to implement policies that are closer to their private p...
-
作者：Guttel, Ehud; Leshem, Shmuel
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; University of Southern California
摘要：Injurers often purchase the property of potential victims to avoid liability or to comply with regulations. This paper shows that injurers subject to cost-benefit standards could profit from buying out victims even if they attach no value to the victims' property. Because buyouts allow injurers to take fewer precautions, a buyout of one victim produces a negative externality for the remaining victims. Injurers can consequently exploit victims, and thereby reduce social welfare, by adopting a d...
-
作者：Bergstresser, Daniel; Pontiff, Jeffrey
作者单位：Brandeis University; Boston College
摘要：We use the federal tax codes from 1926 through 2009 to construct the after-tax returns that individual investors, corporations, and broker-dealers would have generated on a set of benchmark portfolios. Portfolio strategies differ in the pace of capital gains realizations. This creates important heterogeneity in effective investment taxation beyond that implied by dividend yields. Tax burdens reduce the return premium that value portfolios earn over growth portfolios and the premium of small ma...
-
作者：Huttunen, Kristiina; Pirttila, Jukka; Uusitalo, Roope
作者单位：Aalto University; Tampere University
摘要：Low-wage subsidies are often proposed as a solution to the unemployment problem among the low skilled but the empirical evidence on their effects is still scarce. This paper examines the employment effects of a Finnish payroll tax subsidy scheme, which is targeted at the employers of older, full-time, low-wage workers. The system's clear eligibility criteria open up an opportunity for a reliable estimation of the causal impacts of the subsidy scheme. Our results indicate that the subsidy syste...
-
作者：Ramnath, Shanthi
作者单位：United States Department of the Treasury
摘要：This paper uses the Saver's Credit to analyze taxpayers' understanding of, and responses to, tax incentives. The Saver's Credit is a tax credit designed to encourage retirement savings among low and middle income households; however, the credit's structure creates notches, or discontinuous jumps, within a household's budget constraint. These notches provide an incentive to manipulate adjusted gross income to fall just below the level where the credit decreases. I use Public Use Tax Files from ...
