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作者：Gelber, Alexander; Isen, Adam
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Parents may have important effects on their children, but little work in economics explores whether children's schooling opportunities crowd out or encourage parents' investment in children. We analyze data from the Head Start Impact Study, which granted randomly chosen preschool-aged children the opportunity to attend Head Start. We find that Head Start causes a substantial increase in parents' involvement with their children-such as time spent reading to children, math activities, or days sp...
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作者：Brown, Kristine M.
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：I exploit a major, unanticipated reform of the California teachers' pension to provide quasi-experimental evidence on the link between pension features and retirement timing. Using two large administrative data sets, I conduct a reduced-form analysis that leverages the nonlinearities in the return to work generated by the pension features and the reform-induced shifts of these nonlinearities for identification. The implied estimates of the elasticity of lifetime labor supply with respect to th...
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作者：le Maire, Daniel; Schjerning, Bertel
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：This paper proposes a dynamic extension to Saez (2010) bunching formula that allows us to distinguish bunching based on real responses and income shifting. We provide direct evidence of income shifting and pronounced bunching in taxable income for the Danish self-employed. If income shifting was neglected in this case, we would estimate a taxable income elasticity in the range of 0.43-0.53 and conclude that taxable incomes were highly sensitive to changes in marginal tax rates. We show, howeve...
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作者：Picard, Pierre M.; de la Potterie, Bruno van Pottelsberghe
作者单位：University of Luxembourg; Universite Catholique Louvain; Solvay SA; Universite Libre de Bruxelles
摘要：The present paper discusses the role of quality in patent examination process from the perspective of patent offices' behavior and organization. After documenting original stylized facts, the paper presents a model in which patent offices set patent fees and the quality level of their examination process. A higher effort in the examination process enhances the patent holders' protection in the judicial system and strengthens the screening of innovations with small inventive steps. We compare t...
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作者：Campante, Filipe R.; Hojman, Daniel A.
作者单位：Harvard University; Universidad de Chile
摘要：This paper sheds light on the links between media and political polarization by looking at the introduction of broadcast TV in the US. We provide causal evidence that broadcast TV decreased the ideological extremism of US representatives. We then show that exposure to radio was associated with decreased polarization. We interpret this result by using a simple framework that identifies two channels linking media environment to politicians' incentives to polarize. First, the ideology effect: cha...
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作者：Pashchenko, Svetlana
作者单位：Uppsala University
摘要：Why don't people buy annuities? Several explanations have been provided by the previous literature: large fraction of preannuitized wealth in retirees' portfolios; adverse selection; bequest motives: and medical expense uncertainty. This paper uses a quantitative model to assess the importance of these impediments to annuitization and also studies three newer explanations: government safety net in terms of means-tested transfers; illiquidity of housing wealth; and restrictions on minimum amoun...
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作者：Germano, Fabrizio; Meier, Martin
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics
摘要：Given that over half the revenues of global newspaper publishing come from advertising (80% in the US and 57% in OECD countries, OECD, 2010), we study how media firms internalize the effect of their own coverage on advertisers' sales and hence on their own advertising revenues. We show, within a framework of non-localized, Hotelling-type competition among arbitrary numbers of media firms and outlets, that (i) topics sensitive to advertisers can be underreported by all outlets in the market, (i...
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作者：Viaene, Jean-Marie; Zilcha, Itzhak
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; College of Management Academic Studies
摘要：Recent criticism from different sides has expressed the view that, with scarce resources, there is little justification for massive public funding of higher education. Central to the debate is the conjecture that colleges and universities use their resources inefficiently and focus insufficiently on their mission to expand students' human potential. Our aim in this paper is to examine the theoretical premises of this conjecture in a small open economy and uncover the conditions under which pub...
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作者：van Benthem, Arthur; Kerr, Suzi
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Voluntary emissions offset programs between developing and industrialized countries suffer from adverse selection, because participants will self-select into the program. In contrast, pure subsidies for mitigation lead to full participation and hence efficiency, but require large financial transfers which make them unattractive to industrialized countries. We present a simple model to demonstrate the impact of three policy options on the performance of offset programs: (1) baseline scale incre...
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作者：Bertoni, Marco; Brunello, Giorgio; Rocco, Lorenzo
作者单位：University of Padua; University of Padua
摘要：We use a natural experiment to show that the presence of an external examiner has both a direct and an indirect negative effect on the performance of monitored classes in standardised educational tests. The direct effect is the difference in the test performance between classes of the same school with and without external examiners. The indirect effect is the difference in performance between un-monitored classes in schools with an external examiner and un-monitored classes in schools without ...
