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作者：Lakdawalla, Darius; Sood, Neeraj
作者单位：University of Southern California; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Monopolies appear throughout health care. We show that health insurance operates like a conventional two-part pricing contract that allows monopolists to extract profits without inefficiently constraining quantity. When insurers are free to offer a range of insurance contracts to different consumer types, health insurance markets perfectly eliminate deadweight losses from upstream health care monopolies. Frictions limiting the sorting of different consumer types into different insurance contra...
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作者：Bruce, Neil; Turnovsky, Stephen J.
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：We examine the impact of a stylized pay-as-you-go (PAYGO) Social Security program in an economy of overlapping generations with equilibrium growth. We adopt realistic mortality and other demographic assumptions and allow for the presence or absence of life annuities. In all cases steady-state economies with PAYGO Social Security programs grow more slowly than those without. Also, we find that lifetime expected utilities are lower for existing and future households in steady-state economies wit...
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作者：Stone, Daniel F.
作者单位：Bowdoin College
摘要：I develop a model of the relation between the media environment and political obstructionism. I show that when voters are less informed by media, obstructionism becomes a more effective political signal for the minority party. The model thus implies that media change can cause gridlock via signaling: by contrast, the previous literature on causes of gridlock focuses on polarization and other factors. The model also makes several auxiliary predictions consistent with recent trends in U.S. polit...
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作者：Corneo, Giacomo
作者单位：Free University of Berlin; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This paper challenges the view that weak work norms make generous welfare states economically unsustainable. I develop a dynamic model of family-transmitted values that has a laissez-faire equilibrium with strong work norms coexisting with a social-insurance equilibrium with weak work norms. While the former has better incentives, the latter induces more intergenerational occupational mobility which improves the allocation of talent and fuels growth. Strong work norms arise as a way for parent...
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作者：Darolia, Rajeev
作者单位：University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia
摘要：It is generally believed that access to financial aid will increase the likelihood that students will attend and graduate from college. There is a surprising lack of research, however, on the consequences when postsecondary institutions lose eligibility to disburse financial aid. This paper provides among the first causal estimates of institution-level financial aid funding loss on enrollment and composition of student bodies. I implement a dynamic regression discontinuity design using a multi...
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作者：Silva, Hugo E.; Verhoef, Erik T.
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute
摘要：This paper investigates and compares airport pricing policies under various types of competition, considering both per-passenger and per-flight charges at congested airports. We show that an airport requires both pricing instruments to achieve the first-best outcome, and we distinguish their role by showing that congestion externalities need to be addressed through per-flight tolls whereas the inefficiency caused by airlines' market power exertion must be corrected with per-passenger subsidies...
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作者：Fosgerau, Mogens; de Palma, Andre
作者单位：Technical University of Denmark; Royal Institute of Technology; Universite Paris Saclay
摘要：We consider commuting in a congested urban area. While an efficient time-varying toll may eliminate queuing, a toll may not be politically feasible. We study the benefit of a substitute: a parking fee at the workplace. An optimal time-varying parking fee is charged at zero rate when there is queuing and eliminates queuing when the rate is non-zero. Within certain limits, inability to charge some drivers for parking does not reduce the potential welfare gain. Drivers who cannot be charged trave...
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作者：Grosser, Jens; Reuben, Ernesto
作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida State University; Institute for Advanced Study - USA; Columbia University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We study the interaction between competitive markets and income redistribution that reallocates unequal pre-tax market incomes away from the rich to the poor majority. In one setup, participants earn their income by trading in a double auction (DA) with exogenous zero or full redistribution. In another setup, after trading, they vote on redistributive tax policies in a majoritarian election with two competing candidates. This results in virtually full redistribution, even when participants hav...
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作者：Gallego, Francisco; Montero, Juan-Pablo; Salas, Christian
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; University of Chicago
摘要：In an effort to reduce air pollution and congestion, Latin American cities have experimented with different policies to persuade drivers to give up their cars in favor of public transport. This paper looks at two of such policies: the driving restriction program introduced in Mexico City in November of 1989-Hoy-No-Circula (HNC)-and the public transport reform carried out in Santiago in February of 2007-Transantiago (TS). Based on hourly concentration records of carbon monoxide, which comes pri...
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作者：Carruthers, Celeste K.; Wanamaker, Marianne H.
作者单位：University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville
摘要：Long-run labor market inequities are frequently attributed to disparities in primary and secondary school quality, and philanthropists often resort to targeted and tightly conditioned gifts to address these quality disparities. We match data on the Rosenwald Schools Program, an early 20th century initiative aimed at the Southern black-white school quality gap, to newly assembled data on local school districts and measure the impact of Rosenwald gifts on African-American public school resources...
