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作者：Shapiro, Jesse M.
作者单位：Brown University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：A journalist reports to a voter on an unknown, policy-relevant state. Competing special interests can make claims that contradict the facts but seem credible to the voter. A reputational incentive to avoid taking sides leads the journalist to report special interests' claims to the voter. In equilibrium, the voter can remain uninformed even when the journalist is perfectly informed. Communication is improved if the journalist discloses her partisan leanings. The model provides an account of pe...
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作者：Gollier, Christian
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：Using the gamma discounting argument of Weitzman (1998, 2001) when future interest rates are uncertain, several countries have decided to base their investment and sustainability policy evaluation on a decreasing term structure of discount rates. We show that this interpretation of the gamma discounting argument is in fact equivalent to the Local Expectations Hypothesis, a hypothesis globally rejected in empirical finance. We also show that gamma discounters are time-inconsistent and short-ter...
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作者：Cook, Jason B.; Mansfield, Richard K.
作者单位：Cornell University; Cornell University
摘要：We use administrative panel data to decompose worker performance into components relating to general talent, task-specific talent, general experience, and task-specific experience. We consider the context of high school teachers, in which tasks consist of teaching particular subjects in particular tracks. Using the timing of changes in the subjects and difficulty levels to which teachers are assigned to provide identifying variation, we show that a substantial part of the productivity gains to...
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作者：Bouton, Laurent; Castanheira, Micael; Llorente-Saguer, Aniol
作者单位：Georgetown University; Universite Libre de Bruxelles; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; National Bureau of Economic Research; Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; University of London; Queen Mary University London
摘要：We propose a theory-based experimental approach to compare the properties of approval voting (AV) with those of plurality. This comparison is motivated by the theoretical prediction that, in our aggregate uncertainty setup, AV should produce close to first-best outcomes, while plurality will not. The experiment shows, first, that welfare gains are substantial. Second, both aggregate and individual responses are in line with theoretical predictions, and thus with strategic voting. Finally, subj...
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作者：Agranov, Marina; Frechette, Guillaume; Palfrey, Thomas; Vespa, Emanuel
作者单位：California Institute of Technology; New York University; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：In this paper, we analyze a stylized version of an environment with public goods, dynamic linkages, and legislative bargaining. Our theoretical framework studies the provision of a durable public good as a modified two-period version of Battaglini et al. (2012). The experimental design allows us to disentangle inefficiencies that would result in a one-shot world (static inefficiencies) from additional inefficiencies that emerge in an environment in which decisions in the present affect future ...
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作者：Fiva, Jon H.; Halse, Askill H.
作者单位：BI Norwegian Business School; University of Oslo; Institute of Transport Economics
摘要：Pork barrel spending is typically attributed to the strategic behavior of political elites hoping to be electorally rewarded by voters residing in their districts. Such behavior is expected to depend on the incentives imposed by the electoral system. We estimate the causal effect of local representation in a closed-list proportional representation system where individual candidates have no clear electoral incentive to favor their hometown. Using data from Norwegian regional governments, we sti...
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作者：Lichtman-Sadot, Shirlee
作者单位：Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
摘要：I evaluate the effectiveness of carbonated beverage bans in schools by investigating their impact on household soda consumption. I match households in Nielsen Homescan data to their school district's carbonated beverage policies over an eight-year period (2002-2009). I find that when high schools ban the sale of carbonated beverages to students, households with a high school student experiencing the ban increase their consumption of non-diet soda by roughly the equivalent of 3.4 cans per month...
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作者：Gaigne, Carl; Riou, Stephane; Thisse, Jacques-Francois
作者单位：INRAE; Universite de Rennes; Laval University; Universite Jean Monnet; Universite Catholique Louvain; HSE University (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We study how administrative boundaries and tax competition among asymmetric jurisdictions interact with the labor and land markets to determine the economic structure and performance of metropolitan areas. Contrary to general belief, cross-border commuting need not be welfare-decreasing in the presence of agglomeration economies that vary with the distribution of firms within the metropolitan area. Tax competition implies that the central business district is too small and prevents public poli...
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作者：Kalamov, Zarko Y.; Runkel, Marco
作者单位：Technical University of Berlin; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：This article investigates a tax competition model where countries compete for capital and profits of multinational enterprises (MNEs) through statutory tax rates and cross-border loss-offset provisions, which allow a transfer of foreign subsidiaries' losses to the parent company. A joint implementation of full cross-border loss-relief is welfare maximizing, because it ensures production efficiency and no profit shifting in equilibrium. Local governments choose zero level of the loss-relief in ...
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作者：Frakes, Michael; Jena, Anupam B.
作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School
摘要：We assess the potential for medical liability forces to deter medical errors and improve health care treatment quality, identifying liability's influence by drawing on variations in the manner by which states formulate the negligence standard facing physicians. Using hospital discharge records from the National Hospital Discharge Survey and clinically-validated quality metrics inspired by the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality, we find evidence suggesting that treatment quality may im...
