2016

最新文章

• Network effects and environmental externalities: Do clean technologies suffer from excess inertia? AI翻译
  作者：Greaker, Mads; Midttomme, Kristoffer
  作者单位：Statistics Norway
  摘要：We study the diffusion of a clean substitute to a dirty durable in a dynamic model. Consumer utility of both durables increases in their respective market shares due to network effects. First, we characterize the optimal dirty good tax. The tax should achieve a long run optimal division of the market between the two goods. Along the transition path to this steady state the optimal tax depends on the current and future market shares of the clean durable. Thus, even if the marginal environmental...
• Education and optimal dynamic taxation: The role of income-contingent student loans AI翻译
  作者：Findeisen, Sebastian; Sachs, Dominik
  作者单位：University of Mannheim; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; European University Institute
  摘要：We study the optimal design of integrated education finance and tax systems. The distribution of wages is endogenously determined by the costly education decisions of heterogeneous individuals before labor market entry. Consistent with empirical evidence, this human capital investment decision is risky. We find that an integrated education and tax system in which the government provides education loans to young individuals coupled with income-contingent repayment can always be designed in a Pa...
• Corruption, norm violation and decay in social capital AI翻译
  作者：Banerjee, Ritwik
  作者单位：Indian Institute of Management (IIM System); Indian Institute of Management Calcutta
  摘要：The paper studies the link between corruption and social capital (measured as trust), using data from a lab experiment. Subjects play either a harassment bribery game or a strategically identical but differently framed ultimatum game, followed by a trust game. In a second experiment, we elicit social appropriateness norm of actions in the bribery game and ultimatum game treatments. Our experimental design allows us to examine whether subjects, who have been asked to pay a bribe, are less likel...
• Securing property rights: A dilemma experiment in Austria, Mexico, Mongolia, South Korea and the United States AI翻译
  作者：Ahn, T. K.; Balafoutas, Loukas; Batsaikhan, Mongoljin; Campos-Ortiz, Francisco; Putterman, Louis; Sutter, Matthias
  作者单位：Seoul National University (SNU); University of Innsbruck; Georgetown University; Brown University; University of Cologne; University of Innsbruck
  摘要：Secure property rights result from a combination of public enforcement, private protective measures, and voluntary norm-compliance. We conduct a laboratory experiment to study how culture interacts with institutions in shaping individuals' behaviors and group outcomes in a property rights dilemma. The experiment is conducted in five countries: Austria, Mexico, Mongolia, South Korea and the United States. We find that the security of property varies with the experimentally available institution...
• Identification of treatment effects under imperfect matching with an application to Chinese elite schools AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Hongliang
  作者单位：Hong Kong Baptist University
  摘要：This paper extends the treatment effect framework for causal inference to contexts in which the instrument appears in a data set that can only be linked imperfectly to the treatment and outcome variables contained in another data set. To overcome this problem, I form all pairwise links between information on the instrument and information on the treatment and outcome matched by the commonly recorded personal characteristics in both data sets. I show how these imperfect conditional matches can ...
• Cohort mortality risk or adverse selection in annuity markets? AI翻译
  作者：Cannon, Edmund; Tonks, Ian
  作者单位：University of Bristol; University of Bath
  摘要：We show that tests for adverse selection in annuity markets using prices are not identified. Within the UK annuity market, different annuity products create the potential for a Rothschild-Stiglitz separating equilibrium as different risk types could choose different annuities. Empirical analyses using the money's worth suggest that prices are indeed consistent with this explanation. However, we show that this pattern of annuity prices would also result from the actions of regulated annuity pro...
• Where does voucher funding go? How large-scale subsidy programs affect private-school revenue, enrollment, and prices AI翻译
  作者：Hungerman, Daniel M.; Rinz, Kevin
  作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：Using a new dataset constructed from nonprofit tax-returns, this paper explores how vouchers and other large-scale programs subsidizing private school attendance have affected the fiscal outcomes of private schools and the affordability of a private education. We find that subsidy programs created a large transfer of public funding to private schools, suggesting that every dollar of funding increased revenue by a dollar or more. Turning to the incidence of subsidies and the impact of subsidies...
• Do tax credits stimulate R&D spending? The effect of the R&D tax credit in its first decade AI翻译
  作者：Rao, Nirupama
  作者单位：New York University
  摘要：This paper examines the impact of the U.S. federal R&D tax credit between 1981-1991 using confidential IRS data from corporate tax returns. The empirical analysis makes two key advances on previous work. First, it implements a new instrumental variables (IV) strategy based on tax changes that directly addresses the simultaneity of R&D spending and marginal credit rates. Second, the analysis makes use of new restricted access IRS corporate return data describing R&D expenditures. Estimates impl...
• It's not just the thought that counts: An experimental study on the hidden cost of giving AI翻译
  作者：Pan, Xiaofei; Xiao, Erte
  作者单位：Sewanee: University of the South; Monash University
  摘要：Receiving a gift can create an impulse to reciprocate, even when doing so may be inefficient and potentially harmful to a third party. This paper provides a theoretical framework for a pure gift effect on reciprocity impulses and experimental evidence that such an effect exists: that is, a gift receiver will favor an actual gift giver over an intended gift giver, even if the intended gift giver incurred the same costs and signaled the same intention to give. This result contrasts with the pred...
• Tax compliance and psychic costs: Behavioral experimental evidence using a physiological marker AI翻译
  作者：Dulleck, Uwe; Fooken, Jonas; Newton, Cameron; Ristl, Andrea; Schaffner, Markus; Torgler, Benno
  作者单位：Queensland University of Technology (QUT); Australian National University; Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
  摘要：Although paying taxes is a key element of a well-functioning society, there is still limited understanding as to why people actually pay their taxes. Models emphasizing that taxpayers make strategic, financially motivated compliance decisions seemingly assume an overly restrictive view of human nature. Law abidance may be more accurately explained by social norms, a concept that has gained growing importance as research attempts to understand the tax compliance puzzle. This study analyzes the ...