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作者：Yi, Moises; Mueller, Steffen; Stegmaier, Jens
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Leibniz Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH); Otto von Guericke University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We analyze how skill transferability and the local industry mix affect the adjustment costs of workers hit by a trade shock. Using German administrative data and novel measures of economic distance, we construct an index of labor market absorptiveness that captures the degree to which workers from a particular industry are able to reallocate into other jobs. Among manufacturing workers, we find that the earnings loss associated with increased import exposure is much higher for those who live i...
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作者：Cascio, Elizabeth U.; Lewis, Ethan G.
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In the late 1930s, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) launched a campaign to equalize Black and white teacher salaries in the de jure segregated schools of the American South. We estimate the effect of teacher pay on educational attainment exploiting variation in Black salary gains over time across Southern counties with different Black enrollment shares and across states by whether subsequent policy reinforced or resisted court rulings favorable to the NAAC...
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作者：Ajzenman, Nicolas; Bertoni, Eleonora; Elacqua, Gregory; Marotta, Luana; Vargas, Carolina Mendez
作者单位：McGill University; Getulio Vargas Foundation; Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：Inequality in access to high-quality teachers is an important driver of socioeconomic student achievement gaps. We experimentally evaluate a novel nationwide low-cost government program that deployed two behavioral strategies to motivate teachers to apply to job vacancies in disadvantaged schools. These strategies consisted of an altruistic identity treatment, which primed teachers' altruistic identity by making it more salient, and an extrinsic incentives treatment, which simplified the prese...
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作者：Amodio, Francesco; de Roux, Nicolas
作者单位：McGill University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
摘要：How much can employers in low- and middle-income countries suppress wages below marginal productivity? Using plant and customs data from Colombia, we exploit predetermined variation across plants in sales export destinations combined with variation in exchange rates to generate plant-specific shocks to marginal revenue productivity and labor demand. We estimate a firm-level labor supply elasticity of around 2.5, implying that workers produce about 40% more than their wage level. This result is...
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作者：Englmaier, Florian; Grimm, Stefan; Grothe, Dominik; Schindler, David; Schudy, Simeon
作者单位：University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Munich; Tilburg University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Ulm University
摘要：Tournaments are often used to improve performance in innovation contexts. Tournaments provide monetary incentives but also render teams' identity and image concerns salient. We study the effects of tournaments on team performance in a nonroutine task and identify the importance of these behavioral aspects. In a field experiment (n > 1,700 participants), we vary the salience of team identity, social image concerns, and whether teams face monetary incentives. Increased salience of team identity ...
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作者：Fluchtmann, Jonas; Glenny, Anita M.; Harmon, Nikolaj; Maibom, Jonas
作者单位：Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD); Aarhus University; University of Copenhagen; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Using data on applied-for jobs for the universe of Danish unemployment insurance recipients, we examine variation in job search behavior both across individuals and over time during unemployment spells. We find large differences in the level of applied-for wages across individuals, but over time all individuals adjust wages downward in the same way. The decline in applied-for wages over time is descriptively small but economically important in standard models of job search. We find similar res...
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作者：Chan, Marc K.; Herault, Nicolas; Vu, Ha; Wilkins, Roger
作者单位：University of Melbourne; Universite de Bordeaux; Deakin University
摘要：Many countries impose job search requirements on unemployment benefit recipients. Existing studies have mainly focused on the impact of incremental changes to requirements on the recipients. Australian reforms in 1995 saw groups of partnered welfare recipients newly subjected to job search requirements, allowing us to produce causal estimates of the effects on family welfare receipt of introducing such requirements. Using a quasi-experimental design and administrative data, we find large negat...
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作者：Brenoe, Anne Ardila; Canaan, Serena; Harmon, Nikolaj A.; Royer, Heather N.
作者单位：University of Zurich; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Simon Fraser University; University of Copenhagen; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We estimate the effect of a female employee giving birth and taking parental leave on small firms and coworkers in Denmark using a dynamic difference-in-differences design. We find little evidence that parental leave take-up has negative effects on firms and coworkers overall. This is because most firms are very effective in compensating for the worker on leave by hiring temporary workers and by increasing other employees' hours. In contrast, we do find evidence that parental leave has negativ...
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作者：An, Lei; Qin, Yu; Wu, Jing; You, Wei
作者单位：Chongqing University; National University of Singapore; Peking University; Tsinghua University
摘要：We study how a significant relaxation of internal migration restrictions affects labor market outcomes of incumbent migrants and natives, exploiting the 2014 hukou reform in China, which substantially removed the migration barriers of cities with an urban population below 5 million (nonmegacities). Using a difference-in-differences method, we find that migrants' wages in nonmegacities experienced approximately a 2.6%-7.9% decline relative to that in megacities after the policy. The policy had ...
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作者：Jacob, Brian A.; Jones, Damon; Keys, Benjamin J.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Chicago; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：We explore how much borrowers value student debt relief in the setting of the federal Teacher Loan Forgiveness program, which cancels between $5,000 and $17,500 in debt for teachers at high-need schools. Using both quasi-experimental evidence and a randomized controlled trial, we find that neither eligibility nor a targeted information intervention affects employment decisions. Information was found to increase application and receipt rates for teachers who had achieved eligibility. Evidence f...
