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作者：Baker, Scott R.; Janas, Pawel; Kueng, Lorenz
作者单位：Northwestern University; California Institute of Technology; Universita della Svizzera Italiana; Swiss Finance Institute (SFI); Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Empirical research in public economics, including our own, often uses variation instate and local taxes as an empirical laboratory to estimate causal relationships. A key concern is that other taxes might change at the same time. To assess this concern, we develop a dataset of state (1977-2022) and local (2000-2022) tax rates and revenue from personal income, corporate income, property, sales, and excise taxes. This new dataset generates two key results. First, we find that taxes of different ...
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作者：Fabre, Brice; Sangnier, Marc
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; University of Namur; Aix-Marseille Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：This paper uses French data to simultaneously estimate the impact of two types of connections on government subsidies allocated to municipalities. Investigating different types of connection in a same setting helps to distinguish between the different motivations that could drive pork-barreling. We differentiate between municipalities where ministers held office before their appointment to the government and those where they lived as children. Exploiting ministers' entries into and exits from ...
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作者：Guo, Audrey; Wallskog, Melanie
作者单位：Santa Clara University; Duke University
摘要：How costly are taxes for young firms? In this paper, we demonstrate that even small payroll taxes significantly distort hiring decisions and employment growth. First, we leverage cross-sectional variation in the taxes faced by new employers to study how these taxes affect entrepreneurs' decisions to become employers. We find that higher taxes discourage new firms from hiring their first workers; we estimate an elasticity of the number of new employers to taxes of-0.1. Second, we study tax chan...
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作者：Glenzer, Franca; Michaud, Pierre-Carl; Staubli, Stefan
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Calgary
摘要：In many retirement income systems, people forgo a higher stream of public pension income by claiming early. This paper provides survey-and quasi-experimental evidence on how increasing financial incentives, educating individuals, and changing the framing of the claiming decision affect pension claiming and the present value of expected pension benefits. We find that all three types of interventions induce delays, but they have heterogeneous financial consequences. Educating participants about ...
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作者：Bloomfield, Adam; Goodman, Lucas; Rao, Manita; Slavov, Sita
作者单位：Georgetown University; United States Department of the Treasury; American Association of Retired Persons (AARP); George Mason University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Several states have recently attempted to boost retirement saving by adopting auto-IRA policies that require employers not currently offering an employer-sponsored retirement plan (ESRP) to either (1) establish an ESRP or (2) enroll employees in state-facilitated Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs). We identify the effect of these state policies on firm decisions to offer ESRPs, exploiting the phased rollout of these policy treatments across states and employer size categories. Using U.S. ta...
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作者：Bajgar, Matej; Srholec, Martin
作者单位：Charles University Prague; Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Charles University Prague
摘要：We employ a regression discontinuity design to study the effects of a flagship business R&D subsidy programme in the Czech Republic on R&D investment, patenting and economic performance of the supported firms. The R&D subsidies stimulated R&D expenditure in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) but not in large firms. In SMEs, public funding succeeded in crowding in private R&D investment, and 1 unit of public subsidy was associated with about 2.3 units of additional R&D expenditure. The p...
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作者：Gola, Pawel
作者单位：University of Edinburgh
摘要：This paper explores team formation when workers differ in skills and their desire to out-earn co-workers. I cast this question as a two-dimensional assignment problem, characterise the equilibrium sorting and payoffs for three large classes of specifications, and find that heterogeneity in status preferences drastically changes the distributional and organisational consequences of skill-biased technological change (SBTC). Strikingly, the benefits of SBTC trickle down to low-skill workers with ...
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作者：Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Guryan, Jonathan; Park, Kyung H.
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Wellesley College
摘要：We revisit the early months of the Covid-19 pandemic to examine whether restaurant foot traffic reveals changes in sentiment towards ethnic groups. Our findings show reduced demand for dining at Asian restaurants located inside Asian enclaves, while outside enclaves, the decline in visits to Asian restaurants was comparable to non-Asian restaurants. In contrast, Italian restaurant enclaves did not experience similar declines in foot traffic after news of the outbreak in Italy and the first U.S...
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作者：Bietenbeck, Jan; Sunde, Uwe; Thiemann, Petra
作者单位：Lund University; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper explores whether the experience of a recession during early adulthood shapes individuals' prosocial attitudes. The analysis uses survey responses to experimentally validated questions that measure prosocial attitudes for approximately 64,000 respondents in 74 countries. The identification approach exploits variation in recession experiences across 75 different birth cohorts. We find that exposure to a recession during early adulthood is associated with lower levels of prosociality l...
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作者：Kielland, Anne; Kotsadam, Andreas; Liu, Jing
摘要：We evaluate a two-year accelerated education program in Niger. We use a two- phase experimental design where we first randomize the accelerated schools at the community level, and second, within treated communities, we randomize the available slots among interested participants. The program affected education and learning: Almost three times more treated children start lower secondary education (our main educational outcome), and they are more likely to be literate and numerate. Yet, most chil...
