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作者：Clark, Damon; Coate, Stephen
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; Cornell University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Many school districts operate school choice or open enrollment programs that give parents a choice of school. The popular schools in these districts are often oversubscribed, so districts must decide which applicants receive priority at these schools. Typically, districts give priority to students who live close to these schools or allocate by random lottery. However, to provide more equitable access to popular schools and to reduce school segregation, some districts prioritize students based ...
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作者：Lin, Haizhen; Wang, Yanhao
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Alberta
摘要：Group purchasing organizations, or GPOs, are pervasive in many settings, but the actual value of GPOs remains a constant topic of debate. We offer one of the first studies examining the effect of GPOs on supply expenses in the U.S. hospital setting. Our two-way fixed effects model reveals that a one-standard-deviation increase in GPO scale (a GPO's market share weighted by its member hospitals' bed capacity) reduces an average hospital's supply expenses by 2.7%, translating into a per-discharg...
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作者：Chalmers, John; Mitchell, Olivia S.; Reuter, Jonathan; Zhong, Mingli
作者单位：University of Oregon; University of Pennsylvania; Boston College; Urban Institute
摘要：Seventeen US states have mandated employers to facilitate auto-enrollment retirement saving for workers lacking access to employer-sponsored plans, and proposed federal legislation seeks to extend these plans to the national level. This paper examines the experience with OregonSaves, the country's longest-running plan, documenting that the program did prompt some participant savings. Median account balances were about $600 by mid-2023, but opt-out rates were above 50%, especially for the low-p...
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作者：Campo, Francesco; Giunti, Sara; Mendola, Mariapia; Tura, Giulia
作者单位：University of Padua; University of Milan; University of Milano-Bicocca; Luiss Guido Carli University
摘要：The 2015 refugee crisis in Europe has fueled anti-immigrant sentiment in host regions, with potential unintended consequences for refugee integration. We examine the heterogeneity of political backlash across Italian municipalities post-crisis and assess the concomitant role of economic vs socio-cultural factors in welcoming refugees (i.e., the supply side of integration). By leveraging the quasi-random dispersal policy and using causal forests, we find that refugee exposure has a significantl...
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作者：Aslim, Erkmen G.; Fu, Wei; Tekin, Erdal; You, Shijun
作者单位：University of Vermont; University of Louisville; American University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of International Business & Economics
摘要：This paper examines the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on food insufficiency in the United States, using data from the Household Pulse Survey. Our primary research design exploits variation in vaccine eligibility across states over time as an instrumental variable to address the endogeneity of vaccination decision. We find that vaccination had a substantial impact on food hardship by reducing the likelihood of food insufficiency by 24%, with even stronger effects among minority and financially...
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作者：Parolin, Zachary; Lehner, Lukas; Wilmers, Nathan
作者单位：Bocconi University; University of Edinburgh; Vienna University of Economics & Business; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：From 2010 to 2019, personal earnings inequality declined in the United States (U.S.) for the first time in decades, yet household income inequality continued to increase. Discordance between the inequality trends reached its highest rate in recent history. We introduce a framework to decompose differences in inequality trends. We find that 46% of post-2010 discordance in inequality trends is due to changing household composition, namely a larger share of young workers living with their parents...
