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作者：Jha, Saumitra; Shayo, Moses; Weiss, Chagai M.
作者单位：Stanford University; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; University of London; King's College London
摘要：How can we build trust, especially in polarized societies? We propose that exposure to broad financial markets-where individuals place their assets in the hands of large groups of unfamiliar agents who nonetheless have the incentive and ability to promote their interests-can contribute to generalized trust. In a randomized controlled trial, we encourage Israelis to hold or trade stocks for up to seven weeks. We find that participation in financial markets increases the probability of expressin...
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作者：Georgarakos, Dimitris; Jappelli, Tullio; Kenny, Geoff; Pistaferri, Luigi
作者单位：European Central Bank; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Glasgow; University of Naples Federico II; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using a large survey of euro area consumers, we conduct an experiment in which respondents report how they would adjust their labor market participation, hours worked, and job search effort (if not employed) in response to randomly assigned windfall gain scenarios. Windfall gains reduce labor supply, but only when the gains are substantial. At the extensive margin, gains of 25,000 or less have no effects, while gains between 50,000 and 100,000 reduce the probability of working by 1.5 to 3.5 pe...
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作者：Carpenter, Jeffrey; Foster, Joshua; Matthews, Peter Hans
作者单位：Middlebury College; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Western University (University of Western Ontario); Aalto University
摘要：Fundraising for non-profit organizations (NPOs) often involves converting in-kind donations into cash, commonly through charity auctions. However, little attention has been paid to the revenue distributions these mechanisms generate, an obvious concern for risk-averse NPOs deciding on a fundraising strategy. This paper introduces a theoretical framework that evaluates the first two moments of the revenue distributions accruing to ten auction formats under conditions that permit endogenous bidd...
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作者：Wich, Hannah; Harris-Lagoudakis, Katherine
作者单位：Stephen F Austin State University; Iowa State University
摘要：The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) issues monthly lump-sum payments. One potential benefit of SNAP payments is that they could ease liquidity constraints for participating households. Using novel retailer panel data, this is the first study to investigate the effect of SNAP on bulk purchasing behavior using within-household variation. To estimate a causal relationship between SNAP and bulk purchases, we use the timing of program re-certification as a source of exogenous varia...
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作者：Moore, Don A.; Choudhari, Rene; Wu, Aileen
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences - India
摘要：Despite substantial economic inequality in the United States, many Americans who would benefit from redistributive economic policies vote against them. This opposition could be justified by an exaggerated belief in the prospects of upward mobility. That is, people may oppose higher taxes on the largest incomes and estates because they overestimate the degree to which they would be subject to them. This research employs an experimental approach to studying Americans' beliefs about their own pro...
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作者：Berger, Lara Marie; Kerkhof, Anna; Mindl, Felix; Muenster, Johannes
作者单位：University of Cologne; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We conduct a randomized survey experiment to compare the immediate and short-term effects of fact-checking to a brief media literacy intervention. We show that fact-checking primarily affects the specific fake news it directly addresses, whereas media literacy helps to distinguish between false and correct information more generally, both immediately and around two weeks after the intervention. A plausible mechanism is that media literacy enables participants to critically evaluate social medi...
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作者：Bonchi, Jacopo; Caracciolo, Giacomo
作者单位：University of Bologna; European Central Bank; Bank of Italy
摘要：We develop a quantitative life-cycle model to study the impact of Social Security on the US natural interest rate, r * . Past reforms mitigated the r* decline, raising the natural rate by approximately 1 percentage point between 1970 and 2015 through higher replacement rate and retirement age. In the future, increasing the retirement age would counteract the downward pressure on r* due to demographics more than reforms entailing higher contribution or lower replacement rates, with the latter r...
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作者：Clark, Damon; Coate, Stephen
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; Cornell University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Many school districts operate school choice or open enrollment programs that give parents a choice of school. The popular schools in these districts are often oversubscribed, so districts must decide which applicants receive priority at these schools. Typically, districts give priority to students who live close to these schools or allocate by random lottery. However, to provide more equitable access to popular schools and to reduce school segregation, some districts prioritize students based ...
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作者：Lin, Haizhen; Wang, Yanhao
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Alberta
摘要：Group purchasing organizations, or GPOs, are pervasive in many settings, but the actual value of GPOs remains a constant topic of debate. We offer one of the first studies examining the effect of GPOs on supply expenses in the U.S. hospital setting. Our two-way fixed effects model reveals that a one-standard-deviation increase in GPO scale (a GPO's market share weighted by its member hospitals' bed capacity) reduces an average hospital's supply expenses by 2.7%, translating into a per-discharg...
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作者：Chalmers, John; Mitchell, Olivia S.; Reuter, Jonathan; Zhong, Mingli
作者单位：University of Oregon; University of Pennsylvania; Boston College; Urban Institute
摘要：Seventeen US states have mandated employers to facilitate auto-enrollment retirement saving for workers lacking access to employer-sponsored plans, and proposed federal legislation seeks to extend these plans to the national level. This paper examines the experience with OregonSaves, the country's longest-running plan, documenting that the program did prompt some participant savings. Median account balances were about $600 by mid-2023, but opt-out rates were above 50%, especially for the low-p...
