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作者：Hamalainen, Kari; Simanainen, Miska; Verho, Jouko
作者单位：VATT Institute for Economic Research; Stockholm University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：This study provides causal evidence that cash transfer programs have the potential to alleviate the income-health trap in advanced countries. We analyze the Finnish basic income experiment, which replaced the minimum unemployment benefits with a guaranteed income for 2,000 randomly selected unemployed persons during the years 2017-2018. The guaranteed income removed all job-search requirements, but participants could still choose to claim unemployment benefits and comply with related obligatio...
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作者：Butikofer, Aline; Karadakic, Rene; Willen, Alexander
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
摘要：Childbirth raises the opportunity cost of commuting and makes it difficult for both parents to work far away from home. Using detailed Norwegian employer-employee matched register data, we show that the commuting behavior of men and women diverges immediately after childbirth and that those differences persist for least a decade. This divergence in commuting behavior exposes mothers to more concentrated and suburban labor markets with fewer job opportunities and lower establishment quality. Th...
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作者：Verlaat, Timo; Todeschini, Federico; Ramos, Xavier
作者单位：Utrecht University; Pompeu Fabra University; Autonomous University of Barcelona
摘要：Through a randomized controlled trial, we study the labor market effects of a generous means-tested guaranteed income policy targeting low-income families in Barcelona. Two years into the program, beneficiaries are 22 % less likely to work compared to subjects assigned to a control group. A lower phase-out of transfers attenuates negative employment effects and reduces the government cost per euro of benefit by two-thirds. Participation elasticities for a family of four range from 0.39 to 0.49...
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作者：Waldfogel, Sarah
作者单位：University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia
摘要：A growing share of Americans live in electorally lopsided congressional districts, potentially depressing their political participation. Unlike with voting, there are no place-based restrictions on giving, raising the question of whether individuals disengaged by lopsided home districts find voice through greater non-local giving. I explore this using the post-2010 redistricting, which reassigned individuals to more, or less, competitive districts. When an individual's district becomes exogeno...
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作者：Lang, Megan
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Governments in low-income countries are increasingly integrating off-grid electricity provision into national electrification strategies, creating novel, decentralized markets for electricity. I study a highly decentralized product that plays an increasingly important role in energy access: pay as you go (PAYGo) solar home systems. Unlike grid electrification, PAYGo solar features low upfront connection prices but relatively high usage prices. what extent are high intensive margin prices limit...
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作者：Tandel, Vaidehi; Gandhi, Sahil; Nanda, Anupam; Agnihotri, Nandini
作者单位：University of Manchester
摘要：What is the impact of mandatory disclosures of quality on market outcomes? Does the impact differ across income groups due to a difference in abilities of buyers to privately resolve information asymmetry? We answer these questions in the context of housing markets in India, where information asymmetry between homebuyers and developers is high and litigation against housing projects is common. We find that a 2017 reform mandating developers to make litigation details public led to a 4 %-6 % de...
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作者：Jagnani, Maulik; Mahadevan, Meera
作者单位：Tufts University; Tufts University; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：This paper provides the first plausibly causal evidence that women leaders improve environmental outcomes. Using a close-election regression discontinuity design, we find that the election of a female politician over a male politician decreases crop fire incidence and biomass-related particulate emissions in India. These effects are concentrated during the harvest and post-harvest months in districts that follow fire-suited cropping patterns. To understand mechanisms, we survey 424 male and fe...
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作者：Layton, Timothy J.; Politzer, Eran
作者单位：University of Virginia; National Bureau of Economic Research; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：We study the dynamics of fiscal costs following the outsourcing of Medicaid provision to private health insurers by states. We focus on beneficiaries with disabilities who account for a third of Medicaid's spending. Using a national administrative database, we identify county-level private plan enrollment mandates and exploit them as an instrument for individuals' transition to managed care plans. These transitions, while initially slightly reducing fiscal costs, lead to a continuous increase ...
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作者：Ellen, Ingrid Gould; O'Regan, Katherine; Strochak, Sarah
作者单位：New York University; Princeton University
摘要：The Housing Choice Voucher program serves over 2.3 million households per year. While the program provides significant benefits, most voucher holders live in high-poverty neighborhoods, and many recipients fail to use their vouchers at all. This paper evaluates a new programmatic approach for expanding and improving neighborhood outcomes, which pegs voucher subsidy amounts to ZIP Code-level rents, rather than being uniform across an entire metro area. We find that this pricing change increases...
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作者：Del Carmen, Giselle; Garriga, Santiago; Ponce, Wilman; Scot, Thiago
作者单位：National University of La Plata; The World Bank
摘要：This study constructs distributional national accounts for Honduras from 2003 to 2019, integrating household surveys, administrative tax records, and national account aggregates. It assembles comprehensive data on formal income for high-income individuals, including information on corporate shareholders, which allows corporate profits to be assigned to their owners. Findings reveal a high and persistent inequality: the top 1 percent highest earners received approximately 30 percent of total pr...
