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作者：Bae, Hannah; Meckel, Katherine; Shi, Maggie
作者单位：Stanford University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago
摘要：Coverage for dependents is a standard feature of employer-sponsored insurance. While prior work shows that employees trade off job mobility for their own coverage, less is known about the intra-family spillovers of dependent coverage on parental labor supply. We study this question using a large panel of employer-based insurance claims that links dependent enrollment to a proxy for parental job retention. We use a regression discontinuity design that exploits a sharp change in the duration of ...
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作者：Byrski, Dennis; Wang, Lucy Xiaolu
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst
摘要：Patents can incentivize innovation, but pharmaceutical firms often extend market exclusivity by patenting minor modifications to existing drugs, raising concerns about low-novelty patents that add little therapeutic value. This study examines how patenting behavior changes after marketing authorization, a regulatory milestone that makes clinical trial data public and thereby creates prior art that limits future patent claims. Using a novel European patent-drug dataset and event study methods, ...
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作者：Goehring, Grant
作者单位：Boston University
摘要：This paper studies how recessions impact the supply of sex work. I consider a historical recession that affected British cotton textile production, an industry that employed a significant number of women and was geographically localized. To measure the size of the market for sex, I digitized new data on the locations of establishments where sex work occurred across Britain. The recession led to 12 more establishments per 100,000 people in exposed counties, an increase of approximately 20 %. In...
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作者：Spreen, Thomas Luke; Wang, Ziyuan; Yang, Lang (Kate)
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Boston Consulting Group (BCG); George Washington University
摘要：Recent research shows industrial automation raises labor productivity but also depresses employment and wages in exposed industries and regions. This paper examines the impact of automation on U.S. state and local governments. We find that state and local governments with greater exposure to automation experience significant declines in per capita revenues and expenditures. The spending reduction is concentrated in K-12 education and is driven primarily by a decrease in state support. Automati...
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作者：Lahey, Joanna N.; Wanamaker, Marianne H.
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; Stellenbosch University
摘要：Permissive abortion policy is thought to improve the average well-being of born children, as evidenced by recent studies based on 20th century US data. Using 19th century restrictive abortion policy, we demonstrate a more nuanced relationship between policy and child well-being. Despite increased birth rates among abortion- restricted cohorts, we find little evidence of changes in well-being at birth through the standard channel of child selection, consistent with predictions from a generalize...
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作者：Padilla-Romo, Maria; Peluffo, Cecilia; Viollaz, Mariana
作者单位：University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; National Bureau of Economic Research; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; National University of La Plata
摘要：Policies that extend the school day in elementary school provide an implicit childcare subsidy for families. As such, they can affect parents' time allocation and family dynamics. This paper examines how extending the school day affects families by focusing on marriage dissolution. We exploit the staggered adoption of a policy that extended the availability of full-time elementary schools across different municipalities in Mexico. Using administrative data on divorces, we find that extending t...
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作者：Londono-Velez, Juliana; Tortarolo, Dario
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; The World Bank
摘要：Argentina's 2016 tax amnesty led to the disclosure of hidden assets totaling 21 % of GDP-an exceptionally large amount, concentrated offshore and among the wealthiest 0.1 %. We examine how this enforcement initiative affected taxpayer behavior, tax progressivity, and revenue. Compliance improved-especially among high-wealth individuals-expanding the bases of both the wealth and capital income taxes. A subsequent tax hike on foreign assets further enhanced progressivity and raised effective tax...
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作者：Brusco, Giacomo; Velayudhan, Tejaswi
作者单位：Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：This paper studies the price impacts of Value Added Tax (VAT) in the presence of size-based exemptions, which are set relatively high in the firm-size distribution in developing contexts. In addition to the standard determinants of tax incidence, we show that pass-through of VAT to consumer prices will depend on the substitutability of registered and unregistered varieties of taxed goods, on pass-through at upstream stages, and on the extent of segregation between registered and unregistered s...
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作者：Denning, Jeffrey T.; Turner, Lesley J.
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Chicago
摘要：This paper documents several facts about graduate program graduation rates using administrative data covering public and nonprofit graduate students in Texas. Only 58 % of students entering a graduate program in 2004 graduated within 6 years. Between the 2004 and 2013 entering cohorts, graduate student completion rates grew by 10 percentage points. Graduation rates vary widely by field of study, ranging from an average of 81 % for law programs to 53 % for education programs. We also find large...
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作者：Lee, Ajin
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside
摘要：Medicaid is increasingly provided by private managed care plans. I examine the direct effect of Medicaid privatization on health care utilization of Medicaid beneficiaries as well as the indirect effect on non-Medicaid privately insured individuals. Exploiting the staggered rollout of the Medicaid managed care (MMC) mandate across counties in New York, I find evidence of quality improvements under MMC, such as increased routine office visits and child immunizations. MMC also expanded Medicaid ...
