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作者：Alderighi, Marco; Nicolini, Marcella; Piga, Claudio A.
作者单位：Universita Della Valle D'aosta; Bocconi University; University of Pavia; Fondazione Mattei; Keele University
摘要：Based on two strands of theoretical research, this paper provides new evidence on how fares are jointly affected by in-flight seat availability and purchasing date. As capacity-based theories predict, it emerges that fares monotonically and substantially increase with flight occupancy. After controlling for capacity utilization, our analysis also supports time-based theories, indicating a U-shaped temporal profile over a two-month booking period, as well as a sharp increase in fares in the two...
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作者：Scholz, John Karl; Sicinski, Kamil
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：We use unique longitudinal data to document an economically and statistically significant positive correlation between the facial attractiveness of male high school graduates and their subsequent labor market earnings. There are only weak links between facial attractiveness and direct measures of cognitive skills and no link between facial attractiveness and mortality. Even after including a lengthy set of characteristics, including IQ, high school activities, proxy measures for confidence and...
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作者：Skinner, Jonathan; Staiger, Douglas
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We draw on macroeconomic models of diffusion and productivity to explain empirical patterns of survival gains in heart attacks. Using Medicare data for 2.8 million patients from 1986 to 2004, we find that hospitals rapidly adopting cost-effective innovations such as beta blockers, aspirin, and reperfusion had substantially better outcomes for their patients. Holding technology adoption constant, the marginal returns to spending were relatively modest. Hospitals increasing the pace of technolog...
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作者：Irarrazabal, Alfonso; Moxnes, Andreas; Opromolla, Luca David
作者单位：BI Norwegian Business School; Norges Bank; University of Oslo; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Trade costs are often additive. Well-known examples are quotas, per unit tariffs, and, in part, transportation costs. In spite of this, we have no broad and systematic evidence of the magnitude of these costs. In this paper, we develop a new empirical framework for estimating additive trade costs from standard firm-level trade data. Our results suggest that additive barriers are on average 14%, expressed relative to the median price. The point estimates are strongly correlated with common prox...
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作者：Wozniak, Abigail
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：A common assumption is that the rise of drug testing among U.S. employers must have had negative consequences for black employment. I use variation in the timing and nature of drug testing regulation to identify the impacts of testing on black hiring. I find that adoption of protesting legislation increases black employment in the testing sector by 7% to 30% and relative wages by 1.4% to 13.0%, with the largest shifts among low-skilled black men. The results are consistent with ex ante discrim...
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作者：Besedes, Tibor; Deck, Cary; Sarangi, Sudipta; Shor, Mikhael
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University; National Science Foundation (NSF); University of Connecticut
摘要：Previous studies have demonstrated that a multitude of options can lead to choice overload, reducing decision quality. Through controlled experiments, we examine sequential choice architectures that enable the choice set to remain large while potentially reducing the effect of choice overload. A specific tournament-style architecture achieves this goal. An alternate architecture in which subjects compare each subset of options to the most preferred option encountered thus far fails to improve ...
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作者：Appelt, Silvia
作者单位：University of Munich
摘要：Originators seek to mitigate the loss of monopoly power by authorizing generic entry prior to patent expiry. Off-patent competition may be adversely affected if authorized generic entry substantially lowers the attractiveness of subsequent generic entry. This study assesses the impact of authorized generic entry on independent generic entry in recent cases of patent expiry in Germany. The results of a recursive bivariate probit regression, accounting for the endogeneity of authorized generic e...
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作者：Meier, Stephan; Sprenger, Charles D.
作者单位：Columbia University; Stanford University
摘要：The preferences assumed to govern intertemporal trade-offs are generally considered to be stable economic primitives, though evidence on this stability is notably lacking. We present evidence from a large field study conducted over two years, with around 1,400 individuals using incentivized intertemporal choice experiments. Aggregate choice profiles and corresponding estimates of discount parameters are unchanged over the two years and individual correlations through time are high by existing ...
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作者：Berman, Nicolas; Couttenier, Mathieu
作者单位：University of Lausanne
摘要：We use georeferenced information on the location of violent events in sub-Saharan African countries and provide evidence that external income shocks are important determinants of the intensity and geography of civil conflicts. More precisely, we find that (a) the incidence, intensity, and onset of conflicts are generally negatively and significantly correlated with income variations at the local level; (b) this relationship is significantly weaker for the most remote locations; and (c) at the ...
