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作者：Doleac, Jennifer L.; Sanders, Nicholas J.
作者单位：University of Virginia; Cornell University
摘要：We exploit daylight saving time (DST) as an exogenous shock to daylight, using both the discontinuous nature of the policy and the 2007 extension of DST, to consider the impact of light on criminal activity. Regression discontinuity estimates show a 7% decrease in robberies following the shift to DST. As expected, effects are largest during the hours directly affected by the shift in daylight. We discuss our findings within the context of criminal decision making and labor supply, and estimate...
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作者：Sadun, Raffaella
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Regulations curbing the entry of large retail stores have been introduced in many countries to protect independent retailers. Analyzing a planning reform launched in the United Kingdom in the 1990s, I show that independent retailers were actually harmed by the creation of entry barriers against large stores. This is because the entry barriers created the incentive for large retail chains to invest in smaller and more centrally located formats, which competed more directly with independents and...
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作者：Burke, Marshall; Dykema, John; Lobell, David B.; Miguel, Edward; Satyanath, Shanker
作者单位：Stanford University; Harvard University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; New York University
摘要：Quantitative estimates of the impacts of climate change on economic outcomes are important for public policy. We show that the vast majority of estimates fail to account for well-established uncertainty in future temperature and rainfall changes, leading to potentially misleading projections. We reexamine seven well-cited studies and show that accounting for climate uncertainty leads to a much larger range of projected climate impacts and a greater likelihood of worst-case outcomes, an importa...
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作者：Konings, Jozef; Vanormelingen, Stijn
作者单位：KU Leuven; University of Ljubljana
摘要：This paper uses firm-level panel data of on-the-job training to estimate its impact on productivity and wages. To this end, we apply and extend the control function approach for estimating production functions, which allows us to correct for the endogeneity of input factors and training. We find that the productivity premium of a trained worker is substantially higher compared to the wage premium. Our results are consistent with recent theories that explain work-related training by imperfect c...
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作者：Jain, Tarun; Kapoor, Mudit
作者单位：Indian School of Business (ISB)
摘要：This paper uses random assignment of students to investigate the impact of study groups and roommates on academic achievement. We find that informal social interaction with roommates has a significant positive impact on academic achievement, while study group peers have no discernible impact, a result driven by group heterogeneity in ability. We also find that lower-ability students benefit from high-ability students but not vice versa.
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作者：Kreisman, Daniel; Rangel, Marcos A.
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; Duke University
摘要：We evaluate the role skin color plays in earnings and employment for black males in the NLSY97. By applying a novel, scaled measure of skin tone to a nationally representative sample and by estimating the evolution of labor market differentials over time, we bridge a burgeoning literature on skin color with more established literatures on wage differentials and labor market discrimination. We find that while intraracial wage gaps widen with experience, gaps between the lightest-skinned black w...
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作者：Lochner, Lance; Moretti, Enrico
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Empirical researchers interested in the causal effect of the endogenous regressor often use instrumental variables. When few valid instruments are available, they typically estimate restricted specifications that impose uniform per unit treatment effects, even when these effects are likely to vary. We show that in these cases, ordinary least squares and instrumental variables estimators identify different weighted averages of all per unit effects, so the traditional Hausman test is uninformati...
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作者：Ashraf, Nava; Aycinena, Diego; Martinez A, Claudia; Yang, Dean
作者单位：Harvard University; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We implemented a randomized field experiment that tested ways to stimulate migrants' savings in their origin country. We find that migrants value opportunities to exert greater control over financial activities in their home countries. We offered U.S.-based migrants bank accounts in El Salvador, randomly varying migrant control over El Salvador-based savings by offering different accounts across treatments. Migrants offered the greatest degree of control accumulated the most savings. Impacts l...
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作者：Sexton, Steven
作者单位：Duke University
摘要：The introduction of automatic bill payment (ABP) programs in 2005 eliminated the need for consumers to view recurring bills. If those enrolled in ABP programs offered by utilities and other service providers forgo inspection of their recurring bills, then price salience declines, prices perceived by boundedly rational agents fall, and consumption increases. This paper considers the impact of such programs on consumer demand and welfare and empirically tests whether enrollment in such programs ...
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作者：Aichele, Rahel; Felbermayr, Gabriel
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; University of Nottingham
摘要：Has the Kyoto Protocol induced carbon leakage? We conduct the first empirical ex post evaluation of the protocol. We derive a theoretical gravity equation for the carbon dioxide content of trade, which accounts for intermediate inputs, both domestic and imported. The structure of our new panel database of the carbon content of sectoral bilateral trade flows allows controlling for the endogenous selection of countries into the Kyoto Protocol. Binding commitments under Kyoto have increased commi...
