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作者：Holland, Stephen P.; Hughes, Jonathan E.; Knittel, Christopher R.; Parker, Nathan C.
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Greensboro; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Climate policy has favored costly measures that implicitly or explicitly subsidize lowcarbon fuels.We simulate four transportation sector policies: cap and trade (CAT), ethanol subsidies, a renewable fuel standard (RFS), and a lowcarbon fuel standard. Our simulations confirm that alternatives to CAT are 2.5 to 4 times more costly but are amenable to adoption due to right-skewed distributions of gains. We analyze voting on the Waxman-Markey (WM) CAT bill. Conditional on a district's CAT gains, ...
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作者：Cai, Hongbin; Chen, Yuyu; Fang, Hanming; Zhou, Li-An
作者单位：Peking University; University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We report results from a large, randomized field to study how access to formal microinsurance affects production and economic development. We induce exogenous variation in insurance coverage at the village level by randomly assigning performance incentives to the village animal husbandry worker who is responsible for signing farmers up for the insurance. We find that promoting greater adoption of insurance significantly increases farmers' sow production, and this effect seems to persist in the...
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作者：Powdthavee, Nattavudh; Riyanto, Yohanes E.
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Melbourne; Nanyang Technological University
摘要：Standard economic models assume that the demand for expert predictions arises only under the conditions in which individuals are uncertain about the underlying process generating the data and there is a strong belief that past performances predict future performances. We set up the strongest possible test of these assumptions. In contrast to the theoretical suggestions made in the literature, people are willing to pay for predictions of truly random outcomes after witnessing only a short strea...
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作者：Freund, Caroline; Pierola, Martha Denisse
作者单位：Peterson Institute for International Economics; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); The World Bank
摘要：We show that very large firms shape country export patterns. Among 32 countries, the top firm on average accounts for 14% of a country's total (nonoil) exports, and the top five firms make up 30%. These export superstars are also important in the sectoral distribution of exports. Variation in exports from the top firm in a country explains about one-third of the variation in sectoral exports relative to income across countries, and variation in exports from the top five firms explains nearly h...
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作者：Bernard, Andrew B.; Grazzi, Marco; Tomasi, Chiara
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Bologna; University of Trento
摘要：This paper examines the factors that give rise to intermediaries in exporting and explores the implications for trade volumes. Export intermediaries such as wholesalers serve different markets and export different products than manufacturing exporters do. Wholesalers are more prevalent in markets with higher destination-specific fixed costs and focus on products that are less differentiated, have lower contract intensity, and have large sunk entry costs. Aggregate exports to destinations with ...
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作者：Ericson, Keith M. Marzilli; Starc, Amanda
作者单位：Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：We analyze insurance-pricing regulation under imperfect competition on the Massachusetts health insurance exchange. Differential markups lead to price variation apart from cost variation. Coarse insurer pricing strategies identify consumer demand. Younger consumers are twice as price sensitive as older consumers. Older consumers thus face higher markups over costs. Modified community rating links prices for consumers differing in both costs and preferences, and changes the marginal consumer fi...
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作者：Avery, Robert B.; Brevoort, Kenneth P.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA
摘要：Some have suggested that housing policy, embodied by the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) and affordable housing goals of the government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs), caused the subprime crisis. We examine if these programs led to worse mortgage outcomes using two approaches. The first examines whether more activity by CRA-covered lenders, or more loan sales to the GSEs, was associated with worse outcomes. The second uses regression discontinuity to determine if outcomes were worse at the geog...
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作者：Hornok, Cecilia; Koren, Miklos
作者单位：HUN-REN; HUN-REN Centre for Economic & Regional Studies; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Central European University; HUN-REN; HUN-REN Centre for Economic & Regional Studies; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Using detailed U.S. and Spanish export data, we document that trade costs of a per-shipment nature are associated with less frequent and larger shipments (i.e., more lumpiness) in international trade. This finding is pervasive across broad product categories, but most apparent for industrial supplies, parts and accessories, and food products.
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作者：Aron-Dine, Aviva; Einav, Liran; Finkelstein, Amy; Cullen, Mark
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Using data from employer-provided health insurance and Medicare Part D, we investigate whether health care utilization responds to the dynamic incentives created by the nonlinear nature of health insurance contracts. We exploit the fact that because annual coverage usually resets every January, individuals who join a plan later in the year face the same initial (spot) price of health care but a higher expected end-of-year (future) price. We find a statistically significant response of initial ...
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作者：Caliendo, Marco; Cobb-Clark, Deborah A.; Uhlendorff, Arne
作者单位：University of Potsdam; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; University of Melbourne; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Mannheim
摘要：Standard job search theory assumes that unemployed individuals have perfect information about the effect of their search effort on the job offer arrival rate. We present an alternative model that assumes that each individual has a subjective belief about the impact of her search effort on the job arrival. These beliefs depend in part on an individual's locus of control. We estimate the impact of locus of control on job search behavior using a data set of newly unemployed individuals in Germany...
