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作者：Khwaja, Asim I.; Mangal, Kunal
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作者：l'Haridon, Olivier; Vieider, Ferdinand M.; Aycinena, Diego; Bandur, Agustinus; Belianin, Alexis; Cingl, Lubomir; Kothiyal, Amit; Martinsson, Peter
作者单位：Universite de Rennes; University of Reading; National University of Rosario; Universitas Bina Nusantara; HSE University (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Prague University of Economics & Business; Max Planck Society; University of Gothenburg; Linkoping University
摘要：Ambiguity attitudes have been prominently used in economic models, but we still know little about their demographic correlates or their generalizability beyond the West. We analyze the ambiguity attitudes of almost 3,000 students across thirty countries. For gains, we find ambiguity aversion everywhere, while ambiguity aversion is much weaker for losses. Ambiguity attitudes change systematically with probabilities for both gains and losses. Much of the between-country variation can be explaine...
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作者：Dower, Paul Castaneda; Markevich, Andrei
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; New Economic School
摘要：We exploit a quasi-natural experiment of military draftees in Russia during World War I to examine the effects of a massive, negative labor shock on agricultural production. Employing a novel district-level panel data set, we find that mass mobilization produces a dramatic decrease in cultivated area. Surprisingly, farms with communal land tenure exhibit greater resilience to the labor shock than private farms. The resilience stems from peasants reallocating labor in favor of the commune becau...
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作者：Curtis, E. Mark
作者单位：Wake Forest University
摘要：This paper tests how a major cap-and-trade program, known as the NOx budget trading program (NBP), affected labor markets in the manufacturing sector. The cap-and-trade program dramatically decreased levels of NOx emissions and added substantial costs to regulated firms. Using a triple-differences approach, I examine how labor markets adjusted in manufacturing industries that were exposed to the program. I find that overall employment in the manufacturing sector dropped by 1.3%, with energy-in...
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作者：Bechtel, Michael M.; Hangartner, Dominik; Schmid, Lukas
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Lucerne
摘要：Can electoral institutions induce lasting changes in citizens' voting habits? We study the long-term and spillover effects of compulsory voting in the Swiss canton of Vaud (1900-1970) and find that this intervention increases turnout in federal referendums by 30 percentage points. However, despite its magnitude, the effect disappears quickly after voting is no longer compulsory. We find minor spillover effects on related forms of political participation that also vanish immediately after compu...
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作者：Shoag, Daniel; Veuger, Stan
作者单位：Harvard University; American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research
摘要：We report three findings. First, using evidence from chain bankruptcies and data on 12 million to 18 million establishments per year, we show that large retailers produce significant positive spillovers. Second, local governments respond to the size of these externalities. When a town's boundaries allow it to capture a larger share of retail spillovers, it is more likely to offer retail subsidies. Third, these subsidies partially crowd out private sector mechanisms that also subsidize large re...
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作者：Andersen, Steffen; Cox, James C.; Harrison, Glenn W.; Lau, Morten I.; Rutstroem, E. Elisabet; Sadiraj, Vjollca
作者单位：Copenhagen Business School; University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; University of Cape Town; Durham University; Orebro University; Stockholm School of Economics
摘要：We provide evidence that choices over small-stakes bets are consistent with assumptions of some payoff calibration paradoxes. We then exploit the existence of detailed information on individual wealth of our experimental subjects in Denmark and directly estimate risk attitudes and the degree of asset integration. We discover that behavior is consistent with partial, rather than full, asset integration. The implied risk attitudes from estimating these specifications indicate risk premiums and c...
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作者：Wherry, Laura R.; Miller, Sarah; Kaestner, Robert; Meyer, Bruce D.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California Los Angeles Medical Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; University of Chicago
摘要：Exploiting a discontinuity in childhood Medicaid eligibility based on date of birth, we find that more years of childhood eligibility are associated with fewer hospitalizations in adulthood. For blacks, we find a 7% to 15% decrease in hospitalizations and a suggestive 2% to 5% decrease in emergency department visits, but no similar effect for nonblacks. The effects are pronounced for utilization related to chronic illnesses and for patients living in low-income postal codes. Calculations sugge...
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作者：Bianchi, Francesco; Melosi, Leonardo
作者单位：Duke University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago
摘要：We develop and estimate a general equilibrium model to assess the effects and welfare implications of central bank transparency. Monetary policy can deviate from active inflation stabilization, and agents conduct Bayesian learning about the nature of these deviations. Under constrained discretion, only short deviations occur, agents' uncertainty about the macroeconomy remains contained, and welfare is high. However, if a deviation persists, uncertainty eventually accelerates and welfare declin...
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作者：Graetz, Georg; Michaels, Guy
作者单位：Uppsala University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We analyze for the first time the economic contributions of modern industrial robots, which are flexible, versatile, and autonomous machines. We use novel panel data on robot adoption within industries in seventeen countries from 1993 to 2007 and new instrumental variables that rely on robots' comparative advantage in specific tasks. Our findings suggest that increased robot use contributed approximately 0.36 percentage points to annual labor productivity growth, while at the same time raising...
