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作者：Fair, Ray C.; Kaplan, Edward H.
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：This paper uses world running records by age to estimate a biological frontier of decline rates. Two models are compared: a linear/ quadratic (LQ) model and a nonparametric model. Two estimation methods are used: (a) minimizing the squared difference between the observed records and the modeled biological frontier and (b) using extreme value theory to estimate the biological frontier that maximizes the probability of observing the existing world records by age. The results support the LQ model...
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作者：Hsu, Po-Hsuan; Lee, Hsiao-Hui; Peng, Shu-Cing; Yi, Long
作者单位：University of Hong Kong; National Tsing Hua University; National Taiwan University; Hong Kong Baptist University
摘要：In this paper, we empirically measure the impact of natural disasters on firm-level operating performance and examine if such impact can be mitigated by technology diversification. Using major natural disasters specified by Barrot and Sauvagnat (2015) and factory location data from the toxic release inventory (TRI) database, we first find that firms with factories located in states affected by natural disasters are much less profitable. Second, we find that firms with diversified technologies ...
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作者：Kearney, Melissa S.; Wilson, Riley
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We investigate whether an increase in the potential earnings of men leads to an increase in marriage and a reduction in nonmarital births by exploiting the positive economic shock associated with fracking in the 2000s. A reduced-form analysis reveals that in response to local-area fracking production, which increased wages and jobs for non-college-educated men, both marital and nonmarital birth rates increase, but marriage rates do not. The pattern of results is consistent with positive income...
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作者：Siming, Linus
作者单位：Audencia
摘要：On March 18, 1976, the Swedish parliament voted on a bill that, if approved, would have substantially increased both the scale and scope of government representation on bank boards. Since parliament was hung, the outcome of the vote was decided by a lottery. We exploit this lottery to study the causal effect on shareholder value of government involvement in the corporate governance of banks. We find that the rejection of the bill resulted in positive abnormal returns that persisted in the foll...
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作者：Bell, Brian; Bindler, Anna; Machin, Stephen
作者单位：University of London; King's College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Gothenburg
摘要：Recessions lead to short-term job loss, lower happiness, and decreasing income levels. There is growing evidence that workers who first join the labor market during economic downturns suffer from poor job matches that can have sustained detrimental effects on wages and career progressions. This paper uses U.S. and U.K. data to document a more disturbing long-run effect of recessions: young people who leave school during recessions are significantly more likely to lead a life of crime than thos...
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作者：Black, Sandra E.; Gronqvist, Erik; Ockert, Bjorn
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We study the effect of birth order on personality using Swedish population data. Earlier-born men are more emotionally stable, persistent, socially outgoing, willing to assume responsibility, and able to take initiative than later borns. Firstborn children aremore likely to bemanagers and to be in occupations requiring leadership ability, social ability, and Big Five personality traits.We find a significant role for the sex composition within the family. When investigating possible mechanisms,...
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作者：Dettling, Lisa J.; Goodman, Sarena; Smith, Jonathan
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors; University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
摘要：This paper examines whether high-speed Internet affects students' college applications. Our analysis links the diffusion of residential broadband to the testing and application outcomes of millions of PSAT and SAT takers and reveals that students with broadband in their postal code perform better on the SAT and apply to a higher number and more expansive set of colleges. While the availability of broadband generally improved applications to college, the effects appear to be concentrated among ...
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作者：Ludema, Rodney D.; Mayda, Anna Maria; Mishra, Prachi
作者单位：Georgetown University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Reserve Bank of India; International Monetary Fund
摘要：This paper studies the political influence of individual firms on congressional decisions to suspend tariffs on U.S. imports of intermediate goods. We develop a legislative bargaining model in which firms influence legislators by transmitting information about the value of protection, using verbal messages and lobbying expenditures. Model estimation using firmlevel data on tariff suspension bills and lobbying expenditures reveals that the probability a suspension is granted decreases with each...
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作者：Harari, Mariaflavia; La Ferrara, Eliana
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Bocconi University; Bocconi University
摘要：We conduct a disaggregated empirical analysis of civil conflict at the subnational level in Africa over 1997 to 2011 using a new gridded data set. We construct an original measure of agriculture-relevant weather shocks exploiting within-year variation in weather and in crop growing season and spatial variation in crop cover. Temporal and spatial spillovers in conflict are addressed through spatial econometric techniques. Negative shocks occurring during the growing season of local crops affect...
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作者：Albouy, David; Ehrlich, Gabriel; Shin, Minchul
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We estimate the first cross-sectional index of transaction-based land values for every U.S. metropolitan area. The index accounts for geographic selection and incorporates novel shrinkage methods using a prior belief based on urban economic theory. Land values at the city center increase with city size, as do land-value gradients; both are highly variable across cities. Urban land values are estimated at more than two times GDP in 2006. These estimates are higher and less volatile than estimat...
