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作者：Lanahan, Lauren; Feldman, Maryann P.
作者单位：University of Oregon; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
摘要：This paper exploits policy discontinuities at U.S. state borders to examine the effect of R&D investments on innovative projects. We examine the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) State Match program, which offers noncompetitive grants to federally awarded SBIR Phase I projects that are eligible to compete for Phase II. Results from SBIR activity (2002-2010) indicate heterogeneous treatment effects. Notably, the positive differential effects are moderated by firms within the science and...
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作者：Abadie, Alberto; Chingos, Matthew M.; West, Martin R.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Urban Institute; Harvard University
摘要：Policymakers are often interested in estimating how policy interventions affect the outcomes of those most in need of help. This concern has motivated the practice of disaggregating experimental results by groups constructed on the basis of an index of baseline characteristics that predicts the values of individual outcomes without the treatment. This paper shows that substantial biases may arise in practice if the index is estimated by regressing the outcome variable on baseline characteristi...
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作者：Becker, Sascha O.; Woessmann, Ludger
作者单位：University of Warwick; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Munich; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：In an economic theory of suicide, we model social cohesion of the religious community and religious beliefs about afterlife as two mechanisms by which Protestantism increases suicide propensity. We build a unique microregional data set of 452 Prussian counties for 1816 to 1821 and 1869 to 1871, when religiousness was still pervasive. Exploiting the concentric dispersion of Protestantism around Wittenberg, our instrumental variable model finds that Protestantism had a substantial positive effec...
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作者：Ito, Koichiro; Sallee, James M.
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We study attribute-based regulations, under which regulatory compliance of a firm, product, or individual depends on a secondary attribute that is not the intended target of the regulation. We develop a theoretical model of the welfare consequences of attribute basing, including its distortionary costs and potential benefits. We then quantify these welfare consequences using quasi-experimental evidence from weight-based fuel economy regulations.We use bunching analysis to showthat vehicle weig...
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作者：Diallo, Boubacar; Koch, Wilfried
作者单位：Qatar University; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal
摘要：This paper investigates the relationship between economic growth and bank concentration. We introduce imperfect competition within the banking system according to the Schumpeterian growth paradigm, and we theoretically and empirically show that the effects of bank concentration on economic growth depend on the proximity to the world technology frontier. The theory predicts that when a country reaches a sufficient level of financial development, bank concentration has a negative effect on devel...
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作者：Mitra, Sandip; Mookherjee, Dilip; Torero, Maximo; Visaria, Sujata
作者单位：Indian Statistical Institute; Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata; Boston University; The World Bank; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
摘要：West Bengal potato farmers cannot directly access wholesale markets and do not knowwholesale prices. Local middlemen earn large margins; pass-through from wholesale to farmgate prices is negligible. When we informed farmers in randomly chosen villages about wholesale prices, average farmgate sales and prices were unaffected, but pass-through to farmgate prices increased. These results can be explained by a model where farmers bargain ex post with village middlemen, with the outside option of s...
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作者：Perez-Truglia, Ricardo
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：We propose that individuals are more politically active in more like-minded social environments. To test this hypothesis, we combine administrative data from the Federal Election Commission and the U.S. Postal Service. We identify 45,000 individuals who contributed to Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign and changed residences either before or after the 2012 election cycle.We examine whether living in an area with a higher share of Democrats causes higher contributions to Obama. We find t...
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作者：Stahl, Dale O.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：Can a toolbox of simple heuristic rules help explain lottery choices relative to expected utility theory (EUT)? While a mixture model of EUT plus heuristic rules will obviously fit data better than EUT only, given the small sample sizes, there is a danger of overfitting. Therefore, instead of goodness-of-fit measures, we focus on forecasting performance. Using two data sets of binary lottery choices and reasonable holdout subsets for testing forecasting performance, we find that the EUT-only m...
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作者：Billings, Stephen B.; Brunner, Eric J.; Ross, Stephen L.
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Connecticut
摘要：We examine the housing market and residential mobility changes that occur soon after a Title 1 school fails to achieve adequate yearly progress (AYP) in Charlotte, North Carolina. Students within attendance zones of failing schools are given priority in lotteries for oversubscribed schools, potentially increasing the attractiveness of living in a failing school attendance zone. We find that housing prices, home buyer income, and the probability of attending a nonassigned school increase in the...
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作者：Feenstra, Robert C.; Luck, Philip; Obstfeld, Maurice; Russ, Katheryn N.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Denver; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：How big is the elasticity of substitution between goods from different countriesthe Armington elasticity? Estimates of the macroelasticity between home and imported goods are often smaller than the microelasticity between foreign sources of imports. Using new, highly disaggregate U.S. production data matched to imports and simulated data from a Melitz-style model with nested CES preferences, we explore estimation techniques for the two elasticities. For between two-thirds and three-quarters of...
