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作者：Bryan, Kevin A.; Ozcan, Yasin
作者单位：University of Toronto; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：How do barriers to the diffusion of academic research affect innovation? In 2008, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) mandated free online availability of funded research. This policy caused a 50 percentage point increase in free access to funded articles. We introduce a novel measure, in-text patent citations, to study how this mandate affected industry use of academic science. After 2008, patents cite NIH-funded research 12% to 27% more often. Nonfunded research, funded research in journ...
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作者：Kramer, Marion; Kumar, Santosh; Vollmer, Sebastian
作者单位：Texas State University System; Sam Houston State University; University of Gottingen
摘要：We present experimental evidence on the impact of the use of double-fortified salt in school meals on anemia, cognition, and the learning outcomes of primary school children in rural Bihar, one of the poorest regions of India. We find that a year-long intervention had statistically significant positive impacts on hemoglobin levels and reduced anemia by 20%; however, these health gains did not translate into significant impacts on cognitive performance, test scores, and school attendance. Treat...
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作者：Atkinson, Anthony B.; Lakner, Christoph
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Oxford; The World Bank
摘要：This paper finds that capital and labor incomes in the United States have become more closely associated since the 1980s. This has contributed to the well-known increase in the top 1% share of total income, exacerbating rising inequality in capital incomes and earnings. We show that the trend in the association is U-shaped as the recent increase contrasts with a tendency toward a weakening association until the 1980s. The paper, using data derived from tax records, studies the asymmetries in t...
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作者：Agarwal, Sumit; Chomsisengphet, Souphala; Yildirim, Yildiray; Zhang, Jian
作者单位：National University of Singapore; United States Department of the Treasury; Office of the Comptroller of the Currency; City University of New York (CUNY) System; University of Hong Kong
摘要：This study assesses a new mechanism, the deposit channel, in the transmission of interest rate shock to household consumption using an administrative panel data set of financial transactions for Turkey. Our empirical strategy exploits variation in consumers' adherence to the Islamic laws that forbid earning interest and employs a standard difference-in-difference design. Following an unanticipated announcement of interest rate hike, rate-sensitive consumers significantly reduce their overall s...
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作者：Mayer, Thierry; Melitz, Marc J.; Ottaviano, Gianmarco I. P.
作者单位：Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Bocconi University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We document how demand shocks in export markets lead French multiproduct exporters to reallocate the mix of products sold in those destinations. In response to positive demand shocks, French firms skew their export sales toward their best-performing products. We develop a theoretical model of multiproduct firms and derive the specific demand conditions (with endogenous price elasticities) needed to generate these product-mix reallocations. Under those demand conditions, the increased competiti...
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作者：Chen, Maggie X.; Wu, Min
作者单位：George Washington University
摘要：We examine the role of an online reputation mechanism in international trade by exploring T-shirt exports on Alibaba. Exploiting rich transaction data and features of search and rating algorithms, we show that exporters displaying a superior reputation perform significantly better than peers with nearly identical true ratings and observables, and the value of reputation rises with the level of information friction and the specificity of information. We develop a dynamic reputation model with h...
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作者：Fetzer, Thiemo; Hensel, Lukas; Hermle, Johannes; Roth, Christopher
作者单位：Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Warwick; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Peking University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Warwick; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We provide one of the first systematic assessments of the development and determinants of economic anxiety at the onset of the coronavirus pandemic. Using a global data set on internet searches and two representative surveys from the United States, we document a substantial increase in economic anxiety during and after the arrival of the coronavirus. We also document a large dispersion in beliefs about the pandemic risk factors of the coronavirus and demonstrate that these beliefs causally aff...
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作者：Baek, ChaeWon; McCrory, Peter B.; Messer, Todd; Mui, Preston
作者单位：Tufts University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We use the high-frequency, decentralized implementation of stay-at-home (SAH) orders in the United States to disentangle the labor market effects of SAH orders from the general economic disruption wrought by the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that each week of SAH exposure increased a state's weekly initial unemployment insurance (UI) claims by 1.9% of its employment level relative to other states. A back-of-the-envelope calculation implies that of the 17 million UI claims between March 14 and Apr...
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作者：Enders, Zeno; Kleemann, Michael; Mueller, Gernot J.
作者单位：Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Deutsche Bundesbank; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen
摘要：This paper proposes a two-step procedure in order to identify belief shocks-shocks to expectations about the current state of the economy. First, we use the Survey of Professional Forecasters to measure nowcast errors about contemporaneous output growth. Second, we extract belief shocks from nowcast errors, once by regressing them on existing measures of structural shocks and once by imposing sign restrictions on a VAR model. Using both approaches, we find that belief shocks trigger similar ad...
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作者：Zimmermann, Laura
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：Governments around the world use short-term reelection strategies. This is problematic if governments can maximize their reelection chances by prioritizing short-term spending before an election over long-term reforms. This paper tests whether longer program exposure has a causal effect on election outcomes in the context of a large antipoverty program in India. Using a regression-discontinuity framework, the results show that length of program exposure lowers electoral support for the governm...
