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作者：Aparicio, Diego; Cavallo, Alberto
作者单位：University of Navarra; IESE Business School; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We study the impact of targeted price controls on supermarket products in Argentina. Using daily prices for controlled and noncontrolled goods, we examine the effects on inflation, product availability, entry and exit, and price dispersion. First, price controls have only a small and temporary effect on inflation that reverses soon after the controls are lifted. Second, contrary to common belief, controlled goods are consistently available for sale. Third, firms respond by introducing new vari...
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作者：Najjar, Nouri; Cherniwchan, Jevan
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); Carleton University
摘要：For much of the industrialized world, pollution from manufacturing has been falling despite increased output. We examine how air quality standards---a common environmental regulation---have contributed to this cleanup of manufacturing. We develop a general equilibrium model to show how air quality standards can lead to a cleanup by causing reductions in plant emission intensity, relative changes in plant output, and plant entry and exit. We provide quasi-experimental evidence from Canada to hi...
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作者：Bryan, Kevin A.; Ozcan, Yasin
作者单位：University of Toronto; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：How do barriers to the diffusion of academic research affect innovation? In 2008, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) mandated free online availability of funded research. This policy caused a 50 percentage point increase in free access to funded articles. We introduce a novel measure, in-text patent citations, to study how this mandate affected industry use of academic science. After 2008, patents cite NIH-funded research 12% to 27% more often. Nonfunded research, funded research in journ...
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作者：Maheshri, Vikram; Mastrobuoni, Giovanni
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston; University of Turin; University of Essex
摘要：Security measures that deter crime may unwittingly displace it to neighboring areas, but evidence of displacement is scarce. We exploit precise information on the timing and locations of all Italian bank robberies and security guard hirings over a decade to estimate deterrence and displacement effects of guards. A guard lowers the likelihood a bank is robbed by 35% to 40%. Over half of this reduction is displaced to nearby unguarded banks. Theory suggests optimal policy to mitigate this spillo...
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作者：Drager, Lena; Nghiem, Giang
作者单位：Leibniz University Hannover; Goethe University Frankfurt; Leibniz University Hannover
摘要：Evaluating a new survey of German consumers, we test whether individual consumption spending decisions are formed according to a Euler equation model. We find that consumers are more likely to increase current spending if they plan to increase spending in the future and if they expect higher inflation. In the subsample of financially literate households, we find an additional negative effect of nominal interest rate expectations. The effects of macroeconomic expectations become stronger if con...
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作者：Kramer, Marion; Kumar, Santosh; Vollmer, Sebastian
作者单位：Texas State University System; Sam Houston State University; University of Gottingen
摘要：We present experimental evidence on the impact of the use of double-fortified salt in school meals on anemia, cognition, and the learning outcomes of primary school children in rural Bihar, one of the poorest regions of India. We find that a year-long intervention had statistically significant positive impacts on hemoglobin levels and reduced anemia by 20%; however, these health gains did not translate into significant impacts on cognitive performance, test scores, and school attendance. Treat...
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作者：Steinmayr, Andreas
作者单位：University of Innsbruck
摘要：This paper investigates how different forms of exposure to refugees affect voting for Far Right parties. I study the state of Upper Austria where many municipalities hosted asylum seekers and also experienced a massive flow of refugees crossing into Germany in 2015. Exposure to refugees passing through border municipalities increased Far Right votes by about 1.5 percentage points, which suggests that mere exposure can increase Far Right support. Conversely, contact and sustained interactions b...
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作者：Stuart, Bryan A.; Taylor, Evan J.
作者单位：George Washington University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Arizona
摘要：This paper estimates the effect of social connectedness on crime across U.S. cities from 1970 to 2009. Migration networks among African Americans from the South generated variation across destinations in the concentration of migrants from the same birth town. Using this novel source of variation, we find that social connectedness considerably reduces murders, rapes, robberies, assaults, burglaries, and motor vehicle thefts, with a 1 standard deviation increase in social connectedness reducing ...
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作者：Bloom, Nicholas; Manova, Kalina; Van Reenen, John; Sun, Stephen Teng; Yu, Zhihong
作者单位：Stanford University; University of London; University College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); City University of Hong Kong; University of Nottingham
摘要：We study how management practices shape export performance using matched production-trade-management data for Chinese and American firms and a randomized control trial in India. Better-managed firms are more likely to export, sell more products to more destinations, and earn higher export revenues and profits. They export higher-quality products at higher prices and lower quality-adjusted prices. They import a wider range of inputs and inputs of higher quality and price, from more advanced cou...
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作者：Canay, Ivan A.; Santos, Andres; Shaikh, Azeem M.
作者单位：Northwestern University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Chicago
摘要：This paper studies the wild bootstrap-based test proposed in Cameron, Gelbach, and Miller (2008). Existing analyses of its properties require that number of clusters is large. In an asymptotic framework in which the number of clusters is small, we provide conditions under which an unstudentized version of the test is valid. These conditions include homogeneity-like restrictions on the distribution of covariates. We further establish that a studentized version of the test may only overreject th...
