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作者：Alsan, Marcella; Yang, Crystal S.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：We study the effects of Secure Communities, an immigration enforcement program that dramatically increased interior removals of Hispanic noncitizens from the United States, on participation in means-tested social insurance programs among co-ethnic citizens. Exploiting county-level variation in the roll-out of enforcement together with its ethnic specificity, we find that Hispanic-headed citizen households significantly reduced their participation in two large federal safety net programs. Our r...
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作者：Brinkman, Jeffrey; Lin, Jeffrey
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia
摘要：Why do freeways affect spatial structure? We identify and quantify the local disamenity effects of freeways. Freeways cause slower growth in central neighborhoods (where local disamenities exceed regional accessibility benefits) compared with outlying neighborhoods (where access benefits exceed disamenities). A quantitative model calibrated to Chicago attributes one-third of the effect of freeways on central-city decline to reduced quality of life. Barrier effects are a major factor in the dis...
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作者：Li, Jia; Wang, Dishen; Zhang, Qiushi
作者单位：Singapore Management University; University of International Business & Economics
摘要：We propose an Optimal candlesticK (OK) estimator for the spot volatility using high-frequency candlestick observations. Under a standard infill asymptotic setting, we show that the OK estimator is asymptotically unbiased and has minimal asymptotic variance within a class of linear estimators. Its estimation error can be coupled by a Brownian functional, which permits valid inference. Our theoretical and numerical results suggest that the proposed candlestick-based estimator is much more accura...
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作者：Ager, Philipp; Eriksson, Katherine; Karger, Ezra; Nencka, Peter; Thomasson, Melissa A.
作者单位：University of Mannheim; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of California System; University of California Davis; Stellenbosch University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; University System of Ohio; Miami University
摘要：During the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic, many local authorities made the controversial decision to close schools. We use newly digitized data from newspaper archives on the length of school closures for 165 large U.S. cities during the 1918-1919 flu pandemic to assess the long-run consequences of closing schools on children. We find that the closures had no detectable impact on children's school attendance in 1920, nor on their educational attainment and adult labor market outcomes in 1940. We...
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作者：Fetzer, Thiemo; Kyburz, Stephan
作者单位：University of Bonn; University of Bern
摘要：Can revenue sharing of resource rents be a source of distributive conflict? Can cohesive institutions avoid such conflicts? We exploit exogenous variation in local government revenues and new data on local democratic institutions in Nigeria to study these questions. We find a strong link between rents and conflict. Conflicts are highly organized and concentrated in districts and time periods with unelected local governments. Once local governments are elected these relationships are much weake...
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作者：Galasso, Alberto; Schankerman, Mark
作者单位：University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We study the effects of the Medicines Patent Pool (MPP)-an institution that pools patents across geographical markets-on the licensing and adoption of life-saving drugs in low- and middle-income countries. We show the presence of an immediate and large increase in licensing when a patent is included in the MPP. We also show evidence that the pool increases actual entry and volume of sales, but these impacts are much smaller than on licensing, which is due to the geographic bundling of licenses...
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作者：Clay, Karen; Lewis, Joshua; Severnini, Edson; Wang, Xiao
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Universite de Montreal; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Hunan University
摘要：This paper studies how better access to public health insurance affects infant mortality during pandemics. The analysis combines cross-state variation in mandated eligibility for Medicaid with two influenza pandemics that arrived shortly before and after the program's introduction in 1965. We find that better access to public health insurance in high-eligibility states substantially reduced pandemic infant mortality. The reductions in pandemic infant mortality are too large to be attributable ...
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作者：Schoefer, Benjamin; Ziv, Oren
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Michigan State University
摘要：Why do cities differ so much in productivity? A long literature has sought out systematic sources, such as inherent productivity advantages, market access, agglomeration forces, or sorting. We document that up to three-quarters of the measured regional productivity dispersion is spurious, reflecting the luck of the draw of finite counts of idiosyncratically heterogeneous plants that happen to operate in a given location. The patterns are even more pronounced for new plants, hold for alternativ...
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作者：Altindag, Onur; Greve, Jane; Tekin, Erdal
作者单位：Bentley University
摘要：We evaluate the impact of a nationwide public health intervention on deaths from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), using population data from Denmark in a regression discontinuity research design. The information campaign-implemented primarily through a universal nurse home visiting program-reduced infant mortality by 17.2% and saved between 11.6 and 13.5 lives over 10,000 births. The estimated effect sizes are 11-14 times larger among low-birthweight and preterm infants relative to the ove...
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作者：Benzarti, Youssef
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper uses the universe of mortgage contracts to estimate the response of high-interest lenders to borrower protection regulations aimed at simplifying and making loan terms more transparent. Using a quasi-experimental design, I find that lenders substantially reduce interest rates-by an average of 10%-in order to avoid being subject to borrower protection, without reducing amounts loaned or the number of loans approved. This finding is consistent with high-interest lenders preferring to ...
