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作者：Manning, Alan; Mazeine, Graham
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：There is a widespread belief that work is less secure than in the past, that an increasing share of workers are part of the precariat. It is hard to find much evidence for this in objective measures of job security, but perhaps subjective measures show different trends. This paper shows that in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany, workers feel as secure as they ever have in the past 30 years. This is partly because job insecurity is very cyclical and (pre-COVID) unemployment rat...
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作者：Blumenstock, Joshua E.; Callen, Michael; Ghani, Tarek; Gonzalez, Robert
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Washington University (WUSTL); University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology
摘要：We provide evidence that violence reduces the adoption and use of mobile money in three separate empirical settings in Afghanistan. First, analyzing nationwide mobile money transaction logs, we find that users exposed to violence reduce use of mobile money. Second, using panel survey data from a field experiment, we show that subjects expecting violence are significantly less likely to respond to random inducements to use mobile money. Finally, analyzing nationwide financial survey data, we fi...
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作者：Gonzalez-Diaz, Julio; Palacios-Huerta, Ignacio; Abuin, Jose M.
作者单位：Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
摘要：We connect two large bodies of scientific inquiry. First, important theories in the social sciences establish that human preferences are reference-dependent. Second, a separate field of research documents substantial differences in preferences and attitudes across genders. Specifically, we examine the universe of official classic chess games (more than 250,000 subjects and 22 million games). This allows us to study differences across genders both in cognitive performance (intensive margin) and...
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作者：Andrew, Alison; Vera-Hernandez, Marcos
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：If overcrowding harms health care quality, the impacts of encouraging more people to use services are not obvious. Impacts will depend on whether marginal entrants benefit and whether they benefit enough to offset the congestion externalities imposed on inframarginal users. We develop a general-equilibrium model that formalizes these ideas. We examine them empirically by studying JSY, a program in India that paid women to give birth in medical facilities. We find evidence that JSY increased pe...
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作者：Jo, Yoon; Matsumura, Misaki; Weinstein, David E.
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited; Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper examines the impact of retail e-commerce on pricing behavior and welfare. Using Japanese data, we find that e-commerce lowered relative inflation rates for goods sold intensively online. We use long time series and historical catalog sales as an instrument for e-commerce sales intensity. The entry of e-commerce firms raised the rate of intercity price convergence in physical stores for goods sold intensively online, but not for other goods, which suggests e-commerce enhances price a...
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作者：Carneiro, Pedro; Das, Jishnu; Reis, Hugo
作者单位：University of London; University College London; Georgetown University; Banco de Portugal; Universidade Catolica Portuguesa
摘要：Using unique data from Pakistan, we estimate a model of demand for differentiated products in 112 rural education markets with significant choice among public and private schools. Families are willing to pay substantially for reductions in distance to school, but, in contrast, price elasticities are low. Using the demand estimates, we show that the existence of a low-fee private school market is of great value for households in our sample, reaching 2% to 7% of annual per capita expenditure for...
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作者：Rodrigue, Joel; Sheng, Dan; Tan, Yong
作者单位：Vanderbilt University
摘要：This paper studies the joint impact of exporting and abatement on the environmental performance of Chinese manufacturers. For two common air pollutants (SO2 and industrial dust) we document that (a) exporters are significantly less emissions-intensive relative to their nonexporting counterparts and (b) this difference cannot be explained by differential rates of abatement alone. Employing variation in trade and environmental conditions across time and space, we quantify the impact of endogenou...
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作者：Aghion, Philippe; Bergeaud, Antonin; Lequien, Matthieu; Melitz, Marc J.
作者单位：Universite PSL; College de France; European Central Bank; Bank of France; European Central Bank; Bank of France; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We analyze how demand conditions faced by a firm in its export markets affect its innovation decisions. We exploit exogenous firm-level export demand shocks and find that firms respond by patenting more; furthermore, this response is driven by the subset of initially more productive firms. The patent response arises two to five years after the shock, highlighting the time required to innovate. In contrast, the demand shock raises contemporaneous sales and employment for all firms regardless of...
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作者：Gonzalez, Felipe; Prem, Mounu
作者单位：University of London; Queen Mary University London; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Universidad del Rosario; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We study the protest behavior of teenagers linked to a student killed by a stray bullet coming from a policeman in Chile. We use administrative data to follow the schoolmates of the victim and those living near the shooting on hundreds of protest and nonprotest days. We find that police violence causes lower protest participation in street rallies but more adherence to test boycotts. These effects appear among schoolmates of the victim and not among students living near the killing. Negative e...
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作者：Sacks, Daniel W.; Menachemi, Nir; Embi, Peter; Wing, Coady
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Regenstrief Institute Inc; Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University
摘要：Measuring the prevalence of active SARS-CoV-2 infections in the general population is difficult because tests are conducted on a small and nonrandom segment of the population. However, hospitalized patients are tested at very high rates, even those admitted for non-COVID reasons. We show how to use information on testing of non-COVID hospitalized patients to obtain tight bounds on population prevalence, under conditions weaker than those usually used. We apply our approach to the population of...
