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作者：Blackmore, Elizabeth N.; Lloyd-Smith, James O.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Yale University
摘要：In the centuries following Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage to the Americas, transoceanic travel opened unprecedented pathways in global pathogen circulation. Yet no biological transfer is a single, discrete event. We use mathematical modeling to quantify historical risk of shipborne pathogen introduction, exploring the respective contributions of journey time, ship size, population susceptibility, transmission intensity, density dependence, and pathogen biology. We contextualize our results...
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作者：Boury, Samuel; Weady, Scott; Ristroph, Leif
作者单位：New York University; Simons Foundation; Flatiron Institute
摘要：The recognizable shapes of landforms arise from processes such as erosion by wind or water currents. However, explaining the physical origin of natural structures is challenging due to the coupled evolution of complex flow fields and three-dimensional (3D) topographies. We investigate these issues in a laboratory setting inspired by yardangs, which are raised, elongate formations whose characteristic shape suggests erosion of heterogeneous material by directional flows. We combine experiments ...
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作者：Guerreiro, Ines C.; Clopath, Claudia
作者单位：Imperial College London
摘要：Theoretical models conventionally portray the consolidation of memories as a slow process that unfolds during sleep. According to the classical Complementary Learning Systems theory, the hippocampus (HPC) rapidly changes its connectivity during wakefulness to encode ongoing events and create memory ensembles that are later transferred to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during sleep. However, recent experimental studies challenge this notion by showing that new information consistent with prior kno...
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作者：Iascone, Daniel Maxim; Zhang, Xue; Brafford, Patricia; Mesaros, Clementina; Sela, Yogev; Hofbauer, Samuel; Zhang, Shirley L.; Madhwal, Sukanya; Cook, Kieona; Pivarshev, Pavel; Stanger, Ben Z.; Anderson, Stewart; Dang, Chi V.; Sehgal, Amita
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Pennsylvania; The Wistar Institute; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia; Johns Hopkins University; Emory University; Johns Hopkins University
摘要：Crosstalk between metabolism and circadian rhythms is a fundamental building block of multicellular life, and disruption of this reciprocal communication could be relevant to disease. Here, we investigated whether maintenance of circadian rhythms depends on specific metabolic pathways, particularly in the context of cancer. We found that in adult mouse fibroblasts, ATP levels were a major contributor to signal from a clock gene luciferase reporter, although not necessarily to the strength of c...
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作者：Subedi, Kalpana; Roy, Pravas C.; Saiz, Brandon; Basile, Franco; Wall, Daniel
作者单位：University of Wyoming; University of Wyoming
摘要：Microbes face many physical, chemical, and biological insults from their environments. In response, cells adapt, but whether they do so cooperatively is poorly understood. Here, we use a model social bacterium, Myxococcus xanthus, to ask whether adapted traits are transferable to na & iuml;ve kin. To do so we isolated cells adapted to detergent stresses and tested for trait transfer. In some cases, strain- mixing experiments increased sibling fitness by transferring adaptation traits. This coo...
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作者：Yang, Xin; Zhou, Pei; Shen, Siyuan; Hu, Qian; Tian, Chenyu; Xia, Anjie; Wang, Yifei; Yang, Zhiqian; Nan, Jinshan; Zhou, Yangli; Chen, Shasha; Tian, Xiaowen; Wu, Chao; Lin, Guifeng; Zhang, Liting; Wang, Kexin; Zheng, Tao; Zou, Jun; Yan, Wei; Shao, Zhenhua; Yang, Shengyong
作者单位：Sichuan University; Sichuan University; Sichuan University; Sichuan University; Sichuan University; Sichuan University; Sichuan University; Sichuan University; Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory
摘要：Achieving ligand subtype selectivitywithin highly homologous subtypes of G- protein- coupled receptor (GPCR) is critical yet challenging for GPCR drug discovery, primarily due to the unclear mechanism underlying ligand subtype selectivity, which hampers the rational design of subtype- selective ligands. Herein, we disclose an unusual molecular mechanism of entropy- driven ligand recognition in cannabinoid (CB) receptor subtypes, revealed through atomic- level molecular dynamics simulations, cr...
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作者：Hartquist, Chase; Wang, Shu; Zhao, Xuanhe
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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作者：Guarnieri, Joseph W.; Lie, Timothy; Albrecht, Yentli E. Soto; Hewin, Peter; Jurado, Kellie A.; Widjaja, Gabrielle A.; Zhu, Yi; McManus, Meagan J.; Kilbaugh, Todd J.; Keith, Kelsey; Potluri, Prasanth; Taylor, Deanne; Angelin, Alessia; Murdock, Deborah G.; Wallace, Douglas C.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) infection inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and elevates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS, mROS) which activates hypoxia- inducible factor- 1alpha (HIF-1 alpha), shifting metabolism toward glycolysis to drive viral biogenesis but also causing the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and activation of innate immunity. To determine whether mitochondrially targeted antioxidants could mitigate these vir...
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作者：Lequieu, Joshua
作者单位：Drexel University
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作者：Sandercock, Alexander M.; Westbrook, Jared W.; Zhang, Qian; Holliday, Jason A.
作者单位：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Cornell University
摘要：American chestnut ( Castanea dentata) is a deciduous tree species of eastern North America that was decimated by the introduction of the chestnut blight fungus ( Cryphonectria parasitica) in the early 20th century. Although millions of American chestnuts survive as root collar sprouts, these trees rarely reproduce. Thus, the species is considered functionally extinct. American chestnuts with improved blight resistance have been developed through interspecific hybridization followed by conspeci...
