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作者：Lehr, Steven A.; Caliskan, Aylin; Liyanage, Suneragiri; Banaji, Mahzarin R.
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Harvard University
摘要：How good a research scientist is ChatGPT? We systematically probed the capabilities of GPT- 3.5 and GPT- 4 across four central components of the scientific process: as using psychological science as a testing field. In Study 1 (Research Librarian), unlike human researchers, GPT- 3.5 and GPT- 4 hallucinated, authoritatively generating fictional references 36.0% and 5.4% of the time, respectively, although GPT- 4 exhibited an evolving capacity to acknowledge its fictions. In Study 2 (Research Et...
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作者：Li, Xiao - Qian; Peng, Huan - Wen; Xiang, Kun - Li; Xiang, Xiao - Guo; Jabbour, Florian; Ortiz, Rosa del C.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Wang, Wei
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Nanchang University; Nanchang University; Sorbonne Universite; Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Missouri Botanical Gardens; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
摘要：The southeastward extrusion of Indochina along the Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone (ARSZ) is one of two of the most prominent consequences of the India-Asia collision. This plate-scale extrusion has greatly changed Southeast Asian topography and drainage patterns and effected regional climate and biotic evolution. However, little is known about how Indochina was extruded toward the southeast over time. Here, we sampled 42 plant and animal clades (together encompassing 1,721 species) that are d...
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作者：Du, Wei; Jiang, Shanshan; Yin, Shengxiang; Wang, Rongjiang; Zhang, Chunling; Yin, Bin - Cheng; Li, Jialin; Li, Li; Qi, Nan; Zhou, Ying; Ye, Bang-Ce
作者单位：East China University of Science & Technology; Zhejiang University of Technology; Ningbo University; Guangzhou Laboratory
摘要：Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is potentially linked to disordered tryptophan metabolism that attributes to the intricate interplay among diet, gut microbiota, and host physiology. However, underlying mechanisms are substantially unknown. Comparing the gut microbiome and metabolome differences in mice fed a normal diet (ND) and high- fat diet (HFD), we uncover that the gut microbiota-dependent tryptophan metabolite 5- hydroxyindole- 3- acetic acid (5- HIAA) is present at lower concentrations in mice wi...
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作者：Martin, Ashley E.; Beltran, Diego Guevara; Koster, Jeremy; Tracy, Jessica L.
作者单位：Stanford University; University of Arizona; Max Planck Society; University of British Columbia
摘要：Emerging evidence suggests that gender is a defining feature of personhood. Studies show that gender is the primary social category individuals use to perceive humanness and the social category most strongly related to seeing someone-or something-as human. However, the universality of gender's primacy in social perception and its precedence over other social categories like race and age have been debated. We examined the primacy of gender perception in the Mayangna community of Nicaragua, a po...
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作者：Wright, Vashan; Morzfeld, Matthias; Manga, Michael
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Large volumes of liquid water transiently existed on the surface of Mars more than 3 billion years ago. Much of this water is hypothesized to have been sequestered in the subsurface or lost to space. We use rock physics models and Bayesian inversion to identify combinations of lithology, liquid water saturation, porosity, and pore shape consistent with the constrained mid-crust (similar to 11.5 to 20 km depths) seismic velocities and gravity near the InSight lander. A mid-crust composed of fra...
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作者：Madl, Christopher M.; Wang, Yu Xin; Holbrook, Colin A.; Su, Shiqi; Shi, Xuechen; Byfield, Fitzroy J.; Wicki, Gwendoline; Flaig, Iris A.; Blau, Helen M.
作者单位：Stanford University; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
摘要：Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are specialized cells that reside in adult skeletal muscle poised to repair muscle tissue. The ability of MuSCs to regenerate damaged tissues declines markedly with aging and in diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, but the underlying causes of MuSC dysfunction remain poorly understood. Both aging and disease result in dramatic increases in the stiffness of the muscle tissue microenvironment from fibrosis. MuSCs are known to lose their regenerative potential i...
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作者：Reed, Kevin B.; Kim, Wantae; Lu, Hongyuan; Larue, Clayton T.; Guo, Shirley; Brooks, Sierra M.; Montez, Michael R.; Wagner, James M.; Zhang, Y. Jessie; Alper, Hal S.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Bayer AG; Bayer CropScience; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：The enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) functions in the shikimate pathway which is responsible for the production of aromatic amino acids and precursors of other essential secondary metabolites in all plant species. EPSPS is also the molecular target of the herbicide glyphosate. While some plant EPSPS variants have been characterized with reduced glyphosate sensitivity and have been used in biotechnology, the glyphosate insensitivity typically comes with a cost to catal...
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作者：Song, Shikai; Yang, Shixin; Zheng, Ruicheng; Yin, Dandan; Cao, Yue; Wang, Yao; Qiao, Lu; Bai, Rina; Wang, Shuge; Yin, Wenjuan; Dong, Yanjun; Bai, Li; Yang, Hui; Shen, Jianzhong; Wu, Congming; Hu, Fupin; Wang, Yang
作者单位：China Agricultural University; Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Fudan University; Hebei University
摘要：is a growing concern due to its high mortality and limited treatment options. Although hypermucoviscosity is crucial for CR- hvKp infection, the role of changes in bacterial mucoviscosity in the host colonization and persistence of CR- hvKp is not clearly defined. Herein, we observed a phenotypic switch of CR- hvKp from a hypermucoviscous to a hypomucoviscous state in a patient with scrotal abscess and urinary tract infection (UTI). This switch was attributed to decreased expression of rmpADC,...
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作者：Xiong, Ame; Richmond, Janet E.; Kim, Hongkyun
作者单位：Chicago Medical School; Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
摘要：The abundance of CaV2 voltage- gated calcium channels is linked to presynaptic homeostatic plasticity (PHP), a process that recalibrates synaptic strength to maintain the stability of neural circuits. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing PHP and CaV2 channels are not completely understood. Here, we uncover a previously not described form of PHP in Caenorhabditis elegans, revealing an inverse regulatory relationship between the efficiency of neurotransmitter release and the ...
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作者：Ye, Zhengwei; Yang, Ke R.; Zhang, Bingxing; Navid, Ishtiaque Ahmed; Shen, Yifan; Xiao, Yixin; Pofelski, Alexandre; Botton, Gianluigi A.; Ma, Tao; Mondal, Shubham; Norris, Theodore B.; Batista, Victor S.; Mi, Zetian
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Yale University; Yale University; McMaster University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：The conversion of CO2 into liquid fuels, using only sunlight and water, offers a promising path to carbon neutrality. An outstanding challenge is to achieve high efficiency and product selectivity. Here, we introduce a wireless photocatalytic architecture for conversion of CO2 and water into methanol and oxygen. The catalytic material consists of semiconducting nanowires decorated with core-shell nanoparticles, with a copper- rhodium core and a chromium oxide shell. The Rh/CrOOH interface prov...
