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作者：Goupil, Louise; Dautriche, Isabelle; Denman, Katherine; Henry, Zion; Marriott-Haresign, Ira; Wass, Sam
作者单位：Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Savoie Mont Blanc; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Aix-Marseille Universite; University of East London
摘要：We know little about the mechanisms through which leader-follower dynamics during dyadic play shape infants' language acquisition. We hypothesized that infants' decisions to visually explore a specific object signal focal increases in endogenous attention, and that when caregivers respond to these proactive behaviors by naming the object it boosts infants' word learning. To examine this, we invited caregivers and their 14- mo- old infants to play with novel objects, before testing infants' ret...
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作者：Strome, Susan; Mcintosh, J. Richard
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
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作者：Dasgupta, Saurja; Weiss, Zoe; Nisler, Collin; Szostak, Jack W.
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; University of Chicago; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Chicago; University of Notre Dame; University of Notre Dame; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
摘要：The acquisition of new RNA functions through evolutionary processes was essential for the diversification of RNA- based primordial biology and its subsequent transition to modern biology. However, the mechanisms by which RNAs access new functions remain unclear. Do RNA enzymes need completely new folds to support new but related functions, or is reoptimization of the active site sufficient? What are the roles of neutral and adaptive mutations in evolutionary innovation? Here, we address these ...
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作者：Wang, Ziqi; de Wit, Xander M.; Toschi, Federico
作者单位：Eindhoven University of Technology; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
摘要：Small bubbles in fluids rise to the surface due to Archimede's force. Remarkably, in turbulent flows this process is severely hindered by the presence of vortex filaments, which act as moving potential wells, dynamically trapping light particles and bubbles. Quantifying the statistical weights and roles of vortex filaments in turbulence is, however, still an outstanding experimental and computational challenge due to their small scale, fast chaotic motion, and transient nature. Here we show th...
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作者：Manthey, Christin; Metcalf, C. Jessica E.; Monaghan, Michael T.; Steiner, Ulrich K.; Rolff, Jens
作者单位：Free University of Berlin; Princeton University; Leibniz Association; Leibniz Institut fur Gewasserokologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB); Free University of Berlin; Max Planck Society
摘要：More than 50% of all animal species are insects that undergo complete metamorphosis. The key innovation of these holometabolous insects is a pupal stage between the larva and adult when most structures are completely rebuilt. Why this extreme lifestyle evolved is unclear. Here, we test the hypothesis that a trade- off between growth and differentiation explains the evolution of this novelty.Using a comparative approach, we find that holometabolous insects grow much faster than hemimetabolous i...
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作者：Gulen, Burak; Blevins, Aubrie; Kinch, Lisa N.; Servage, Kelly A.; Stewart, Nathan M.; Gray, Hillery F.; Casey, Amanda K.; Orth, Kim
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
摘要：During homeostasis, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) maintains productive transmembrane and secretory protein folding that is vital for proper cellular function. The ER- resident HSP70 chaperone, binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), plays a pivotal role in sensing ER stress to activate the unfolded protein response (UPR). BiP function is regulated by the bifunctional enzyme filamentation induced by cyclic- AMP domain protein (FicD) that mediates AMPylation and deAMPylation of BiP in response to...
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作者：Tao, Yuan; Hou, Yu; Yang, Huangsheng; Gong, Zeyu; Yu, Jiaxing; Zhong, Huajie; Fu, Qi; Wang, Junhui; Zhu, Fang; Ouyang, Gangfeng
作者单位：Southern Marine Science & Engineering Guangdong Laboratory; Southern Marine Science & Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai); Sun Yat Sen University; Sun Yat Sen University; Zhengzhou University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangdong Academy of Sciences; Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences
摘要：Singlet oxygen (1O2) is important in the environmental remediation field, however, its efficient production has been severely hindered by the ultrafast self- quenching of the as- generated radical precursors in the Fenton- like reactions. Herein, we elaborately designed lamellar anthraquinone- based covalent organic frameworks (DAQ- COF) with sequential localization of the active sites (C=O) at molecular levels for visible- light- assisted peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. Theoretical and ex...
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作者：Hollopeter, Gunther
作者单位：Cornell University
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作者：Xu, Wenjin; Butt, Bilal
作者单位：Senckenberg Biodiversitat & Klima- Forschungszentrum (BiK-F); Leibniz Association; Senckenberg Gesellschaft fur Naturforschung (SGN); University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：The presence of livestock inside protected areas, or livestock encroachment, is a global conservation concern because livestock is broadly thought to negatively affect wildlife. The Maasai Mara National Reserve (MMNR), Kenya, exemplifies this tension as livestock is believed to have resulted in the declining wildlife populations, contributing to the strict and sometimes violent exclusion measures targeting Maasai pastoralists. However, research embedded in the real- world setting that draws in...
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作者：dos Santos, Miguel; Downing, Philip A.; Griffin, Ashleigh S.; Cornwallis, Charlie K.; West, Stuart A.
作者单位：University of Oxford; Lund University; University of Oulu
摘要：Hamilton's rule provides the cornerstone for our understanding of the evolution of all forms of social behavior, from altruism to spite, across all organisms, from viruses to humans. In contrast to the standard prediction from Hamilton's rule, recent studies have suggested that altruistic helping can be favored even if it does not benefit relatives, as long as it decreases the environmentally induced variance of their reproductive success (altruistic bet- hedging). However, previous prediction...
