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作者：Johnson, Jena E.; Present, Theodore M.; Valentine, Joan Selverstone
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; California Institute of Technology; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Modern life requires many different metal ions, which enable diverse biochemical functions. It is commonly assumed that metal ions' environmental availabilities controlled the evolution of early life. We argue that evolution can only explore the chemistry that life encounters, and fortuitous chemical interactions between metal ions and biological compounds can only be selected for if they first occur sufficiently frequently. We calculated maximal transition metal ion concentrations in the anci...
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作者：Sui, Xinxin; Yang, Zong - Liang; Shepherd, Marshall; Niyogi, Dev
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：Urbanization has accelerated dramatically across the world over the past decades. in climatological datasets. Although prior research has investigated urban influences on precipitation for specific cities or selected thunderstorm cases, a comprehensive examination of urban precipitation anomalies on a global scale remains limited. This research is a global analysis of urban precipitation anomalies for over one thousand cities worldwide. We find that more than 60% of the global cities and their...
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作者：Corrigan, Neva M.; Rokem, Ariel; Kuhl, Patricia K.
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：Adolescence is a period of substantial social-emotional development, accompanied by dramatic changes to brain structure and function. Social isolation due to lockdowns that were imposed because of the COVID- 19 pandemic had a detrimental impact on adolescent mental health, with the mental health of females more affected than males. We assessed the impact of the COVID- 19 pandemic lockdowns on adolescent brain structure with a focus on sex differences. We collected MRI structural data longitudi...
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作者：Gaffney, Kristen A.; Guo, Ruiqiong; Bridges, Michael D.; Muhammednazaar, Shaima; Chen, Daoyang; Kim, Miyeon; Yang, Zhongyu; Schilmiller, Anthony L.; Faruk, Nabil F.; Peng, Xiangda; Jones, A. Daniel; Kim, Kelly H.; Sun, Liangliang; Hubbell, Wayne L.; Sosnick, Tobin R.; Hong, Heedeok
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作者：Veller, Carl; Przeworski, Molly; Coop, Graham
作者单位：University of Chicago; Columbia University; Columbia University; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Family-based genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are often claimed to provide an unbiased estimate of the average causal effects (or average treatment effects; ATEs) of alleles, on the basis of an analogy between the random transmission of alleles from parents to children and a randomized controlled trial. We show that this claim does not hold in general. Because Mendelian segregation only randomizes alleles among children of heterozygotes, the effects of alleles in the children of homozyg...
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作者：Hassan, Marwan A.; Parker, Gary; Hassan, Yarra; An, Chenge; Fu, Xudong; Venditti, Jeremy G.
作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; China Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower Research; Tsinghua University; Simon Fraser University
摘要：In rivers, the addition of finer sediment to a coarser riverbed is known to increase the mobility of the coarser fraction. Two mechanisms have been suggested for this: a geometric mechanism whereby smaller sizes smooth the bed, increasing near- bed velocity and thus mobility of the larger sizes, and a viscous mechanism whereby a transitionally smooth turbulent boundary layer forms, rendering the coarser grains more mobile. Here, we report on experiments using two sediment mixtures to better un...
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作者：Kassirer, Samantha; Jami, Ata; Kouchaki, Maryam
作者单位：Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; University of Toronto
摘要：Over the past decade, there has been a shift in the way charities deliver humanitarian aid. asset transfers. Recently, alternatives to in- kind aid, such as cash aid, have been increasing in prevalence. Although there has been widespread endorsement from the academic community and the public on the popularizing model of giving cash aid, one perspective remains untouched: the recipient's perspective. Thus, the present research explores how food- insecure individuals feel when receiving money vs...
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作者：Tili, Esmerina; Otsu, Hajime; Commisso, Teresa L.; Palamarchuk, Alexey; Balatti, Veronica; Michaille, Jean-Jacques; Nuovo, Gerard James; Croce, Carlo M.
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作者：Yuan, Yuan; Al Bulushi, Tahani; Sastry, Anand V.; Sancar, Cigdem; Szubin, Richard; Golden, Susan S.; Palsson, Bernhard O.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Novo Nordisk Foundation; Technical University of Denmark
摘要：Synechococcus elongatus is an important cyanobacterium that serves as a versatile and robust model for studying circadian biology and photosynthetic metabolism. Its transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) is of fundamental interest, as it orchestrates the cell's adaptation to the environment, including its response to sunlight. Despite the previous characterization of constituent parts of the S. elongatus TRN, a comprehensive layout of its topology remains to be established. Here, we decompos...
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作者：Reaser, Jamie K.; Kolby, Jonathan E.
作者单位：Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian National Zoological Park & Conservation Biology Institute
