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作者：Mills, Joshua; Gebhard, L. Johanna; Schubotz, Florence; Shevchenko, Anna; Speth, Daan R.; Liao, Yan; Duggin, Iain G.; Marchfelder, Anita; Erdmann, Susanne
作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of Bremen; Max Planck Society; Max Planck Society; University of Technology Sydney; Ulm University
摘要：Since their discovery, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have changed our view on how organisms interact with their extracellular world. EVs are able to traffic a diverse array of molecules across different species and even domains, facilitating numerous functions. In this study, we investigate EV production in Euryarchaeota, using the model organism Haloferax volcanii. We uncover that EVs enclose RNA, with specific transcripts preferentially enriched, including those with regulatory potential, and...
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作者：Tal, Amir; Schechtman, Eitan; Caughran, Bruce; Paller, Ken A.; Davachi, Lila
作者单位：Columbia University; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine; Northwestern University; Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research
摘要：Consolidating memories for long - term storage depends on reactivation. Reactivation occurs both consciously, during wakefulness, and unconsciously, during wakefulness and sleep. While considerable work has examined conscious awake and unconscious sleep reactivation, in this study, we directly compare the consequences of conscious and unconscious reactivation during wakefulness. Forty - one participants learned associations consisting of adjective-object-position triads. Objects were clustered...
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作者：Sapes, Gerard; Schroeder, Lucy; Scott, Allison; Clark, Isaiah; Juzwik, Jennifer; Montgomery, Rebecca A.; Guzman, J. Antonio Q.; Bares, Jeannine Cavender-
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：Tree mortality due to global change-including range expansion of invasive pests and pathogens-is a paramount threat to forest ecosystems. Oak forests are among the most prevalent and valuable ecosystems both ecologically and economically in the United States. There is increasing interest in monitoring oak decline and death due to both drought and the oak wilt pathogen (Bretziella fagacearum). We combined anatomical and ecophysiological measurements with spectroscopy at leaf, canopy, and airbor...
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作者：Wang, Jiaxing; Wilson, Rebecca S.; Aristilde, Ludmilla
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：Clay minerals are implicated in the retention of biomolecules within organic matter in many soil environments. Spectroscopic studies have proposed several mechanisms for biomolecule adsorption on clays. Here, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to investigate these mechanisms in hydrated adsorbate conformations of montmorillonite, a smectite-type clay, with ten biomolecules of varying chemistry and structure, including sugars related to cellulose and hemicellulose, lignin- related phenoli...
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作者：Nonaka, Hiroshi; Sakamoto, Seiji; Shiraiwa, Kazuki; Ishikawa, Mamoru; Tamura, Tomonori; Okuno, Kyohei; Kondo, Takumi; Kiyonaka, Shigeki; Susaki, Etsuo A.; Shimizu, Chika; Ueda, Hiroki R.; Kakegawa, Wataru; Arai, Itaru; Yuzaki, Michisuke; Hamachi, Itaru
作者单位：Kyoto University; Japan Science & Technology Agency (JST); Nagoya University; Juntendo University; RIKEN; University of Tokyo; Keio University
摘要：Neurotransmitter receptors are essential components of synapses for communication between neurons in the brain. Because the spatiotemporal expression profiles and dynamics of neurotransmitter receptors involved in many functions are delicately governed in the brain, in vivo research tools with high spatiotemporal resolution for receptors in intact brains are highly desirable. Covalent labeling by chemical reaction (chemical labeling) of proteins without genetic manipulation is now a powerful m...
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作者：Yi, Tingfang; Wagner, Gerhard
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
摘要：Cancer is a leading cause of mortality in humans, but the efficacy of current treatments for many cancers is limited, as they lack unique mechanistically defined targets. Here, we show that, upon malignant transformation, aggressive oncocells generate a second membrane exterior to their plasma membrane to form cytocapsulas (CCs) and cytocapsular tubes (CCTs), which all together constitute cytocapsular oncocells with pleotropic biological functions in cancer patient tissues in vivo. Proteomic a...
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作者：Kutyavin, Vassily I.; Korn, Lisa L.; Medzhitov, Ruslan
作者单位：Yale University; Yale University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Yale University
摘要：Eosinophils are well recognized as effector cells of type 2 immunity, yet they also accumuWe observed that eosinophils gradually migrate along the crypt-villus axis, giving rise to a villus- resident subpopulation with a distinct transcriptional signature. Retinoic acid signaling was specifically required for maintenance of this subpopulation, while IL- 5 was largely dispensable outside of its canonical role in eosinophil production. Surprisingly, we found that a high- protein diet suppressed ...
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作者：Qin, Chuan; Dong, Ming-Hao; Zhou, Luo-Qi; Wang, Wen; Cai, Song-Bai; You, Yun-Fan; Shang, Ke; Xiao, Jun; Wang, Di; Li, Chun-Rui; Zhang, Min; Bu, Bi-Tao; Tian, Dai-Shi; Wang, Wei
作者单位：Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Huazhong University of Science & Technology
摘要：Immune- mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is an autoimmune disorder associated with the presence of autoantibodies, characterized by severe clinical presentation with rapidly progressive muscular weakness and elevated levels of creatine kinase, while traditional pharmacological approaches possess varying and often limited effects. Considering the pathogenic role of autoantibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) - T cells targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) have emerged as a promisin...
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作者：Ma, Fanshu; Xu, Qianru; Wang, Aiping; Yang, Daichang; Li, Qingmei; Guo, Junqing; Zhang, Longxian; Ou, Jiquan; Li, Rui; Yin, Heng; Li, Kunpeng; Wang, Li; Wang, Yanan; Zhao, Xiangyue; Niu, Xiangxiang; Zhang, Shenli; Li, Xueyang; Chai, Shujun; Zhang, Erqin; Rao, Zihe; Zhang, Gaiping
作者单位：Henan Agricultural University; Peking University; Longhu Laboratory; Zhengzhou University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Henan University; Wuhan University; Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University
摘要：The development of vaccines, which induce effective immune responses while ensuring safety and affordability, remains a substantial challenge. In this study, we proposed a vaccine model of a restructured head-to-tail dimer to efficiently stimulate B cell response. We also demonstrate the feasibility of using this model to develop a paramyxovirus vaccine through a low-cost rice endosperm expression system. Crystal structure and small-angle X-ray scattering data showed that the restructured hema...
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作者：Mok, Jongsoo; Park, Jeong Hwan; Yeom, Su Chong; Park, Joonghoon
作者单位：Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU)
摘要：Metabolic disorders are characterized by an imbalance in muscle fiber composition, and a potential therapeutic approach involves increasing the proportion of oxidative muscle fibers. Prokineticin receptor 1 (PROKR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays a role in various metabolic functions, but its specific involvement in oxidative fiber specification is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the functions of PROKR1 in muscle development to address metabolic disorders and muscular d...
