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作者：Tabata, Koji; Kawagoe, Hiroyuki; Taylor, J. Nicholas; Mochizuki, Kentaro; Kubo, Toshiki; Clement, Jean-Emmanuel; Kumamoto, Yasuaki; Harada, Yoshinori; Nakamura, Atsuyoshi; Fujita, Katsumasa; Komatsuzaki, Tamiki
作者单位：Hokkaido University; Hokkaido University; University of Osaka; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; University of Osaka; Hokkaido University; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST); Hokkaido University; University of Osaka
摘要：Accelerating the measurement for discrimination of samples, such as classification of cell phenotype, is crucial when faced with significant time and cost constraints. Spontaneous Raman microscopy offers label-free, rich chemical information suffers from long acquisition time due to extremely small scattering cross-sections. One possible approach to accelerate the measurement is by measuring necessary parts with a suitable number of illumination points. However, how to design points during mea...
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作者：Blanc, Florian E. C.; Hummer, Gerhard
作者单位：Max Planck Society; Goethe University Frankfurt
摘要：Proton-powered c -ring rotation in mitochondrial ATP synthase is crucial to convert the transmembrane protonmotive force into torque to drive the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Capitalizing on recent cryo-EM structures, we aim at a structural and energetic understanding of how functional directional rotation is achieved. We performed multi-microsecond atomistic simulations to determine the free energy profiles along the c -ring rotation angle before and after the arrival of a new p...
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作者：Colombi, Elena; Bertels, Frederic; Doulcier, Guilhem; McConnell, Ellen; Pichugina, Tatyana; Sohn, Kee Hoon; Straub, Christina; McCann, Honour C.; Rainey, Paul B.
作者单位：University of Melbourne; Max Planck Society; Universite PSL; Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI); Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Institute of Environmental Science & Research (ESR) - New Zealand; University of Vienna; Max Planck Society
摘要：Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are self- transmissible mobile elements that transfer functional genetic units across broad phylogenetic distances. Accessory genes shuttled by ICEs can make significant contributions to bacterial fitness. Most ICEs characterized to date encode readily observable phenotypes contributing to symbiosis, pathogenicity, and antimicrobial resistance, yet the majority of ICEs carry genes of unknown function. Recent observations of rapid acquisition of ICEs ...
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作者：Ogbunugafor, C. Brandon; Yitbarek, Senay
作者单位：Yale University; The Santa Fe Institute; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
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作者：Ravindran, Sandeep
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作者：Thaenert, Anna; Sevostyanova, Anastasia; Chung, Christina Z.; Vargas -Rodriguez, Oscar; Melnikov, Sergey, V; Soell, Dieter
作者单位：Yale University; Newcastle University - UK; Newcastle University - UK; Yale University; University of Connecticut
摘要：Ribosomes are often used in synthetic biology as a tool to produce desired proteins with enhanced properties or entirely new functions. However, repurposing ribosomes for producing designer proteins is challenging due to the limited number of engineering solutions available to alter the natural activity of these enzymes. In this study, we advance ribosome engineering by describing a novel strategy based on functional fusions of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) with messenger RNA (mRNA). Specifically, we c...
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作者：Yin, Rose; Melton, Samuel; Huseby, Eric S.; Kardar, Mehran; Chakraborty, Arup K.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Worcester; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Ragon Institute; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：T cells help orchestrate immune responses to pathogens, and their aberrant regulation can trigger autoimmunity. Recent studies highlight that a threshold number of T cells (a quorum) must be activated in a tissue to mount a functional immune response. These collective effects allow the T cell repertoire to respond to pathogens while suppressing autoimmunity due to circulating autoreactive T cells. Our computational studies show that increasing numbers of pathogenic peptides targeted by T cells...
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作者：Roselle, Christopher; Horikawa, Izumi; Chen, Linhui; Kelly, Andre R.; Gonzales, Donna; Da, Tong; Wellhausen, Nils; Rommel, Philipp C.; Baker, Daniel; Suhoski, Megan; Scholler, John; O'Connor, Roddy S.; Young, Regina M.; Harris, Curtis C.; June, Carl H.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI); University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell dysfunction is a major barrier to achieving lasting remission in hematologic cancers, especially in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). have shown previously that A133p53 alpha, an endogenous isoform of the human TP53 gene, decreases in expression with age in human T cells, and that reconstitution of A133p53 alpha in poorly functional T cells can rescue proliferation [A. M. Mondal et al., J. Clin. Invest. 123, 5247-5257 (2013)]. Although A133p53 alpha lac...
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作者：Zwonitzer, Kendra D.; Tressel, Lydia G.; Wu, Zhiqiang; Kan, Shenglong; Broz, Amanda K.; Mower, Jeffrey P.; Ruhlman, Tracey A.; Jansen, Robert K.; Sloan, Daniel B.; Havird, Justin C.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Agriculture Genomes Institute at Shenzhen, CAAS; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture; Shandong University; Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln
摘要：Nuclear and organellar genomes can evolve at vastly different rates despite occupying the same cell. In most bilaterian animals, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) evolves faster than nuclear DNA, whereas this trend is generally reversed in plants. However, in some exceptional angiosperm clades, mtDNA substitution rates have increased up to 5,000 - fold compared with closely related lineages. The mechanisms responsible for this acceleration are generally unknown. Because plants rely on homologous recom...
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作者：Yi, Wenjing; Reichard, Martin; Rucklin, Martin; Richardsona, Michael K.
作者单位：Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Czech Academy of Sciences; Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Hydrobiology, CAS; University of Lodz; Masaryk University; Naturalis Biodiversity Center
摘要：Embryonic development is often considered shielded from the effects of natural selection, being selected primarily for reliable development. However, embryos sometimes represent virulent parasites, triggering a coevolutionary arms race with their host. We have examined embryonic adaptations to a parasitic lifestyle in the bitterling fish. Bitterlings are brood parasites that lay their eggs in the gill chamber of host mussels. Bitterling eggs and embryos have adaptations to resist being flushed...
