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作者：Tortorice, Daniel; Rappuoli, Rino; Bloom, David E.
作者单位：College of the Holy Cross; Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
摘要：In response to the COVID- 19 pandemic, governments directly funded vaccine research and development (R&D), quickly leading to multiple effective vaccines and resulting in enormous health and economic benefits to society. We develop a simple economic model showing this feat could potentially be repeated for other health challenges. Based on inputs from the economic and medical literatures, the model yields estimates of optimal R&D spending on treatments and vaccines for known diseases. Taking a...
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作者：Kaufholz, Felix; Ulrich, Julia; Hakeemi, Muhammad Salim; Bucher, Gregor
作者单位：University of Gottingen
摘要：Animals from all major clades have evolved a segmented trunk, reflected in the human spine or the insect segments. These units emerge during embryogenesis from a posterior segment addition zone (SAZ), where repetitive gene activity is regulated by a mechanism described by the clock and wavefront/speed gradient model. In the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum , RNA interference (RNAi) has been used to continuously knock down the function of primary pair - rule genes (pPRGs), caudal or Wnt pat...
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作者：Fruleux, Antoine; Hong, Lilan; Roeder, Adrienne H. K.; Li, Chun-Biu; Boudaoud, Arezki
作者单位：Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon (ENS de LYON); INRAE; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole Polytechnique; Universite Paris Saclay; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Zhejiang University; Cornell University; Cornell University; Stockholm University
摘要：Living tissues display fluctuations-random spatial and temporal variations of tissue properties around their reference values-at multiple scales. It is believed that such fluctuations may enable tissues to sense their state or their size. Recent theoretical studies developed specific models of fluctuations in growing tissues and predicted that fluctuations of growth show long-range correlations. Here, we elaborated upon these predictions and we tested them using experimental data. We first int...
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作者：Howarth, James; Vaklinova, Kristina; Grzeszczyk, Magdalena; Baldi, Giulio; Hague, Lee; Potemski, Marek; Novoselov, Kostya S.; Kozikov, Aleksey; Koperski, Maciej
作者单位：University of Manchester; National University of Singapore; Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials (I-FIM); National University of Singapore; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Universite Federale Toulouse Midi-Pyrenees (ComUE); Institut National des Sciences Appliquees de Toulouse; Polish Academy of Sciences; Institute of High Pressure Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences; National University of Singapore; Newcastle University - UK
摘要：We experimentally demonstrate the creation of defects in monolayer WSe 2 via nanopillar imprinting and helium ion irradiation. Based on the first method, we realize atomically thin vertical tunneling light -emitting diodes based on WSe 2 monolayers hosting quantum emitters at deterministically specified locations. We characterize these emitters by investigating the evolution of their emission spectra in external electric and magnetic fields, as well as by inducing electroluminescence at low te...
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作者：Liang, Shiyu; Liu, Aijun; Liu, Yezhou; Wang, Fuxing; Zhou, Youli; Long, Yuanzhengyang; Wang, Tao; Liu, Zheng; Ren, Ruobing; Ye, Richard D.
作者单位：The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School (PKU Shenzhen); Peking University; Fudan University; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen
摘要：Essential for reactive oxygen species (EROS) protein is a recently identified molecular chaperone of NOX2 (gp91 phox ), the catalytic subunit of phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Deficiency in EROS is a recently identified cause for chronic granulomatous disease, a genetic disorder with recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. Here, we report a cryo - EM structure of the EROS-NOX2-p22 phox heterotrimeric complex at an overall resolution of 3.56 & Aring;. EROS and p22 phox are situated on the opposite...
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作者：Jiang, Xiaohe; Xu, Sai; Miao, Yunqiu; Huang, Kang; Wang, Bingqi; Ding, Bingwen; Zhang, Zhuan; Zhao, Zitong; Zhang, Xinxin; Shi, Xinghua; Yu, Miaorong; Tian, Falin; Gan, Yong
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Center for Nanoscience & Technology, CAS; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Henan University; National Institute of Food & Drug Control - China
摘要：Elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) within pathological tissues (e.g., tumors, obstructed kidneys, and cirrhotic livers) creates a significant hindrance to the transport of nanomedicine, ultimately impairing the therapeutic efficiency. Among these tissues, solid tumors present the most challenging scenario. While several strategies through reducing tumor IFP have been devised to enhance nanoparticle delivery, few approaches focus on modulating the intrinsic properties of nanoparticles t...
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作者：Tang, Qian; Vargo, Edward L.; Ahmad, Intan; Jiang, Hong; Varadinova, Zuzana Kotykova; Dovih, Pilot; Kim, Dongmin; Bourguignon, Thomas; Booth, Warren; Schal, Coby; Mukha, Dmitry, V; Rheindt, Frank E.; Evans, Theodore A.
作者单位：National University of Singapore; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Institute Technology of Bandung; Wuhan University; Charles University Prague; National Museum; Ashoka University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Okinawa Institute of Science & Technology Graduate University; Czech Academy of Sciences; Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; North Carolina State University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Vavilov Institute of General Genetics; University of Western Australia
摘要：the genus is Asian, where its closest relatives are found. To solve this paradox, we sampled genome- wide markers of 281 cockroaches from 17 countries across six continents. We confirm that B. germanica evolved from the Asian cockroach Blattella asahinai approximately 2,100 ya, probably by adapting to human settlements in India or Myanmar. Our genomic analyses reconstructed two primary global spread routes, one older, westward route to the Middle East coinciding with various Islamic dynasties ...
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作者：Clark, Cory J.; al-Gharbi, Musa; Baumeister, Roy F.; Bleske-Rechek, April; Buss, David; Ceci, Stephen; Forgas, Joseph; Frey, Komi; Geary, David C.; Geher, Glenn; Del Giudice, Marco; Jussim, Lee S.; Krylov, Anna I.; Martin, Chris; Miller, Geoffrey; Paresky, Pamela; Salmon, Catherine; Stewart-Williams, Steve; Wilson, Anne E.; Williams, Wendy; Winegard, Bo M.; von Hippel, William
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University; University of Queensland; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Eau Claire; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Cornell University; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; State University of New York (SUNY) System; SUNY New Paltz; University of Trieste; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; University of Southern California; University of New Mexico; University Redlands; University of Nottingham Malaysia; Wilfrid Laurier University
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作者：Gully, Kay; Berhin, Alice; De Bellis, Damien; Herrfurth, Cornelia; Feussner, Ivo; Nawrath, Christiane
作者单位：University of Lausanne; University of Lausanne; University of Gottingen; University of Gottingen; University of Gottingen
摘要：Lipid polymers such as cutin and suberin strengthen the diffusion barrier properties of the cell wall in specific cell types and are essential for water relations, mineral nutrition, and stress protection in plants. Land plant-specific glycerol - 3 - phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) of different clades are central players in cutin and suberin monomer biosynthesis. Here, we show that the GPAT4 / 6 / 8 clade in Arabidopsis thaliana , which is known to mediate cutin formation, is also required ...
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作者：Hsu, Chun Chih; Takahashi, Hiroto; Jerzembeck, Fabian; Dasini, Jahnatta; Carroll, Chaia; Dusad, Ritika; Ward, Jonathan; Dawson, Catherine; Sharma, Sudarshan; Luke, Graeme M.; Blundell, Stephen J.; Castelnovo, Claudio; Hallen, Jonathan N.; Moessner, Roderich; Davis, J. C. Seamus
作者单位：University of Oxford; Max Planck Society; University College Cork; McMaster University; University of Cambridge; Max Planck Society; Cornell University
摘要：A recent advance in the study of emergent magnetic monopoles was the discovery that monopole motion is restricted to dynamical fractal trajectories [J. N. Hall & eacute;n et al. , Science 378 , 1218 (2022)], thus explaining the characteristics of magnetic monopole noise spectra [R. Dusad et al., Nature 571 , 234 (2019); A. M. Samarakoon et al. , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 119 , e2117453119 (2022)]. Here, we apply this novel theory to explore the dynamics of field - driven monopole currents,...
