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作者：Talbot, Catherine F.; Oztan, Ozge; Simmons, Sierra M. V.; Trainor, Callum; Ceniceros, Lesly C.; Nguyen, Duyen K. K.; Del Rosso, Laura A.; Garner, Joseph P.; Capitanio, John P.; Parker, Karen J.
作者单位：Florida Institute of Technology; Stanford University; University of California System; University of California Davis; Stanford University
摘要：Low cerebrospinal (CSF) arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentration is a biomarker of social impairment in low- social monkeys and children with autism, suggesting that AVP administration may improve primate social functioning. However, AVP administration also increases aggression, at least in neurotypical animals with intact AVP signaling. Here, we tested the effects of a voluntary drug administration method in low- social male rhesus monkeys with high autistic- like trait burden. Monkeys receiv...
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作者：Wang, Jin; Tosatti, Erio
作者单位：International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA); Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP)
摘要：The physics of membranes, a classic subject, acquires new momentum from twodimensional (2D) materials multilayers. This work reports the surprising results emerged during a theoretical study of equilibrium geometry of bilayers as freestanding membranes. While ordinary membranes are prone to buckle around compressive impurities, we predict that all 2D material freestanding bilayers universally undergo, even if impurity-free, a spontaneous out-of-plane buckling. The moir & eacute; network nodes ...
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作者：Deffner, Dominik; Fedorova, Natalia; Andrews, Jeffrey; Mcelreath, Richard
作者单位：Max Planck Society; Technical University of Berlin; Max Planck Society
摘要：Cultural evolution applies evolutionary concepts and tools to explain the change of culture over time. Despite advances in both theoretical and empirical methods, the connections between cultural evolutionary theory and evidence are often vague, limiting progress. Theoretical models influence empirical research but rarely guide data collection and analysis in logical and transparent ways. Theoretical models themselves are often too abstract to apply to specific empirical contexts and guide sta...
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作者：Hewlett, Barry S.; Boyette, Adam H.; Lew-Levy, Sheina; Gallois, Sandrine; Dira, Samuel Jilo
作者单位：Washington State University; Max Planck Society; Durham University; Autonomous University of Barcelona; Hawassa University
摘要：We examine from whom children learn in mobile hunter- gatherers, a way of life that characterized much of human history. Recent studies on the modes of transmission in hunter- gatherers are reviewed before presenting an analysis of five modes of but not previously evaluated in hunter- gatherer research. We also present two modes of group transmission, conformist transmission, and concerted transmission, seldom mentioned in hunter- gatherer social learning research, and propose a unique mode of...
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作者：Levy, Janet E.; Marquardt, William H.; Stein, Julie K.
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Charlotte; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
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作者：Liu, Lu; Cui, Zhihan; Kunreuther, Howard; Heal, Geoffrey
作者单位：New York University; NYU Shanghai; Peking University; University of Pennsylvania; Columbia University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：We develop a game- theoretic model of strategic interdependence and tipping in public policy choices and show that the model can be estimated by probit and logit estimators. We test its validity and applicability by using daily data on state- level COVID-19 responses in the United States. Social distancing via shelter- in- place (SIP) strategies and wearing masks emerged as the most effective nonpharmaceutical ways of combatting COVID-19. In the United States, choices about these policies are ...
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作者：Ribeiro, Ingrid de Almeida; Dhabal, Debdas; Kumar, Rajat; Banik, Suvo; Sankaranarayanan, Subramanian K. R. S.; Molinero, Valeria
作者单位：Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Argonne National Laboratory; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT System); Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Guwahati
摘要：Recent experiments revealed a new amorphous ice phase, medium-density amorphous ice (MDA), formed by ball-milling ice I-h at 77 K [Rosu-Finsen et al., Science 379, 474-478 (2023)]. MDA has density between that of low-density amorphous (LDA) and high-density amorphous (HDA) ices, adding to the complexity of water's phase diagram, known for its glass polyamorphism and two-state thermodynamics. The nature of MDA and its relation to other amorphous ices and liquid water remain unsolved. Here, we u...
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作者：Mao, Xinyu; Bischofberger, Irmgard; Hosoi, Anette E.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Mobula rays have evolved leaf-shaped filter structures to separate food particles from seawater, which function similarly to industrial cross-flow filters. Unlike cross-flow filtration, where permeability and selectivity are rationally designed following trade-off analyses, the driving forces underlying the evolution of mobula filter geometry have remained elusive. To bridge the principles of cross-flow and mobula filtration, we establish a universal framework for the permeability-selectivity ...
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作者：De Russi, Gaia; Lanzoni, Mattia; Bisazza, Angelo; Domenici, Paolo; Castaldelli, Giuseppe; Bertolucci, Cristiano; Lucon-Xiccato, Tyrone
作者单位：University of Ferrara; University of Ferrara; University of Padua; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Biofisica (IBF-CNR)
摘要：Variability within species is key for adaptability and biological evolution. To understand individualities in the context of animal movement, we focused on one of the most remarkable migrations-the journey of the endangered European eel from their birthplace in the Sargasso Sea to freshwater environments. Laboratory observations unveiled a continuum of diverse phenotypes of migrating eels: Some displayed a heightened tendency to swim against a constant water flow, while others a greater propen...
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作者：Dong, Xingchen; Sun, Fei; Secaira-Morocho, Henry; Hui, Alisa; Wang, Ke; Cai, Chunmiao; Udgata, Shirsa; Low, Brian; Wei, Songlin; Chen, Xinyi; Qi, Ming; Pasch, Cheri A.; Xu, Wei; Jiang, Jiaoyang; Zhu, Qiyun; Huan, Tao; Deming, Dustin A.; Fu, Ting
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; University of British Columbia; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：The gut microbiota has a significant impact on the development and function of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) by modifying bile acid (BA) metabolites. Recently, specific gut microbiome- derived BAs, such as 7- oxo- deoxycholic acid (7- oxo-DCA) and isodeoxycholic acid (isoDCA), have been identified to be shifted inversely in colitis and hepatic liver diseases. Although the responsible gut microbes have been identified, metabolites' effects on IECs remain largely unclear. We found that alth...
