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作者：Day, Karen P.; Artzy-Randrup, Yael; Tiedje, Kathryn E.; Rougeron, Virginie; Chen, Donald S.; Rask, Thomas S.; Rorick, Mary M.; Migot-Nabias, Florence; Deloron, Philippe; Luty, Adrian J. F.; Pascual, Mercedes
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作者：Ichimura, Yuki; Konishi, Risa; Shobo, Miwako; Tanaka, Ryota; Kubota, Noriko; Kayama, Hisako; Takeda, Kiyoshi; Nomura, Toshifumi; Fujimoto, Manabu; Okiyama, Naoko
作者单位：Institute of Science Tokyo; Tokyo Medical & Dental University (TMDU); Tokyo Women's Medical University; University of Tsukuba; University of Osaka; University of Osaka; University of Osaka
摘要：Anti- melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody-positive dermatomyositis (DM) is characterized by amyopathic DM with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Patients with anti-MDA5 antibody-associated ILD frequently develop rapidly progression and present high mortality rate in the acute phase. Here, we established a murine model of ILD mediated by autoimmunity against MDA5. Mice immunized with recombinant murine MDA5 whole protein, accompanied with complete Freund's adjuvant once a ...
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作者：Pereira-Obilinovic, Ulises; Hou, Han; Svoboda, Karel; Wang, Xiao-Jing
作者单位：New York University
摘要：During foraging behavior, action values are persistently encoded in neural activity and updated depending on the history of choice outcomes. What is the neural mechanism for action value maintenance and updating? Here, we explore two contrasting network models: synaptic learning of action value versus neural integration. We show that both models can reproduce extant experimental data, but they yield distinct predictions about the underlying biological neural circuits. In particular, the neural...
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作者：Rosano, Giulio; Barzasi, Allan; Lynagh, Timothy
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作者：Yin, Yidan; Jia, Nan; Wakslak, Cheryl J.
作者单位：University of Southern California; University of Southern California
摘要：People want to feel heard to perceive that they are understood, validated, and valued. Can AI serve the deeply human function of making others feel heard? Our research addresses two fundamental issues: Can AI generate responses that make human recipients feel heard, and how do human recipients react when they believe the response comes from AI? We conducted an experiment and a follow - up study to disentangle the effects of actual source of a message and the presumed source. We found that AI- ...
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作者：Makuya, Lindelani; Schradin, Carsten
作者单位：University of Witwatersrand; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (IN2P3); Universites de Strasbourg Etablissements Associes; Universite de Strasbourg
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作者：Shang, Xueying; Talross, Gaelle J. S.; Carlson, John R.
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：Proper expression of odor receptor genes is critical for the function of olfactory systems. In this study, we identified exitrons (exonic introns) in four of the 39 Odorant receptor (Or) genes expressed in the Drosophila antenna. Exitrons are sequences that can be spliced out from within a protein- coding exon, thereby altering the encoded protein. We focused on Or88a, which encodes a pheromone receptor, and found that exitron splicing of Or88a is conserved across five Drosophila species over ...
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作者：Groh, Jeffrey S.; Coop, Graham
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Genomic evidence supports an important role for selection in shaping patterns of introgression along the genome, but frameworks for understanding the evolutionary dynamics within hybrid populations that underlie these patterns have been lacking. Due to the clock -like effect of recombination in hybrids breaking up parental haplotypes, drift and selection produce predictable patterns of ancestry variation at varying spatial genomic scales through time. Here, we develop methods based on the Disc...
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作者：Keith, Marianne; de la Torriente, Alba Park; Chalka, Antonia; Vallejo-Trujillo, Adriana; Mcateer, Sean P.; Paterson, Gavin K.; Low, Alison S.; Gally, David L.
作者单位：UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); Roslin Institute; University of Edinburgh; University of Edinburgh
摘要：This study supports the development of predictive bacteriophage (phage) therapy: the concept of phage cocktail selection to treat a bacterial infection based on machine learning (ML) models. For this purpose, ML models were trained on thousands of measured interactions between a panel of phage and sequenced bacterial isolates. The concept was applied to Escherichia coli associated with urinary tract infections. This is an important common infection in humans and companion animals from which mu...
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作者：Sarker, Arnab; Northrup, Natalie; Jadbabaie, Ali
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Higher-order network models are becoming increasingly relevant for their ability to explicitly capture interactions between three or more entities in a complex system at once. In this paper, we study homophily, the tendency for alike individuals to form connections, as it pertains to higher-order interactions. We find that straightforward extensions of classical homophily measures to interactions of size 3 and larger are often inflated by homophily present in pairwise interactions. This inflat...
