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作者：Hou, Pu; Zhou, Rui-Qian; Jiang, Yong-Liang; Yu, Rong-Cheng; Du, Kang; Gan, Nanqin; Ke, Fei; Zhang, Qi-Ya; Li, Qiong; Zhou, Cong-Zhao
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Hydrobiology, CAS
摘要：Upon infection, the podophages usually eject a couple of proteins from the capsid to form a transmembrane ejectosome on the host cell membrane that facilitates the ejection of viral genome. However, it remains unclear how these proteins of pre-ejectosome are finely assembled at the center of highly packaged genome. Here, we report the intact structure of Anabaena cyanopodophage A4, which consists of a capsid stabilized by two types of cement proteins and a short tail attached with six tail fib...
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作者：Kim, Do Yeon; Lee, So Yeon; Ha, Hyun Ji; Park, Hyun Ho
作者单位：Chung Ang University
摘要：The CRISPR-Cas system is a well-known adaptive immune system in bacteria, and a prominent mechanism for evading this immunity involves anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins, which employ various methods to neutralize the CRISPR-Cas system. In this study, using structural and biochemical analyses, we revealed that AcrIE7 binds to the single-stranded DNA in the R-loop formed when Cascade encounters the target DNA, thereby preventing Cas3 from cleaving the DNA. This represents a different inhibition strateg...
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作者：Chakraborty, Udit Kumar; Yang, Muwen; Baral, Susil; Liu, Chunming; Chen, Anqi; Chen, Peng
作者单位：Cornell University; California Institute of Technology; Illinois State University; University System of Ohio; University of Akron
摘要：Mechanical forces can induce chemical reactions, produce chemical signals, and alter reaction kinetics. Here, using magnetic tweezers-based single-molecule force spectroscopy, we study the force effects on the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of single-polymer chains, during which nonequilibrium conformational entanglements can form and unravel stochastically. We find a surprising, biphasic force dependence of polymerization kinetics: The single-chain polymerization rate initially...
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作者：Bacik, Karol A.; Sobota, Grzegorz; Bacik, Bogdan S.; Rogers, Tim
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Bath
摘要：One of the archetypal examples of active flows is a busy concourse crossed by people moving in different directions according to their personal destinations. When the crowd is isotropic-comprising individuals moving in all different directions-the collective motion is disordered. In contrast, if it is possible to identify two dominant directions of motion, for example in a corridor, the crowd spontaneously organizes into contraflowing lanes or stripes. In this article, we characterize the phys...
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作者：Chakraborty, Saikat; Martinez-Sanchez, Antonio; Beck, Florian; Toro-Nahuelpan, Mauricio; Hwang, In-Young; Noh, Kyung-Min; Baumeister, Wolfgang; Mahamid, Julia
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作者：Kuan, Robert; Blagg, Kristin; Castleman, Benjamin L.; Darolia, Rajeev; Matsudaira, Jordan D.; Milkman, Katherine L.; Turner, Lesley J.
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作者：Westerfield, Justin M.; Kozojedova, Petra; Juli, Cara; Metola, Ane; von Heijne, Gunnar
作者单位：Stockholm University; Stockholm University
摘要：Voltage-sensor domains (VSDs), found in many voltage-sensitive ion channels and enzymes, are composed of four transmembrane helices (TMHs), including the atypical, highly positively charged S4 helix. VSDs are cotranslationally inserted into the membrane, raising the question of how the highly charged S4 helix is integrated into the lipid bilayer as it exits the ribosome. Here, we have used force profile analysis (FPA) to follow the cotranslational insertion of the six-TMH KvAP voltage-sensitiv...
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作者：Arakawa, Masashi; Uriu, Keiya; Saito, Koki; Hirose, Mai; Katoh, Kaoru; Asano, Krisana; Nakane, Akio; Saitoh, Tatsuya; Yoshimori, Tamotsu; Morita, Eiji
作者单位：Hirosaki University; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST); Hirosaki University; University of Osaka; University of Osaka; University of Osaka; University of Osaka
摘要：Bacterial invasion into the cytoplasm of epithelial cells triggers the activation of the cellular autophagic machinery as a defense mechanism, a process known as xenophagy. In as a factor involved in this defense mechanism using quantitative mass spectrometry promotes Salmonella proliferation in the cytoplasm. HEATR3 also localizes to lysosomes damaged by chemical treatment, suggesting that Salmonella recognition is facilitated by damage to the host cell membrane. HEATR3 deficiency impairs LC3...
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作者：Kenngott, Max; Sengupta, Piali; Lockery, Shawn; Marder, Eve
作者单位：Brandeis University; Brandeis University; Brandeis University; University of Oregon
摘要：The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans feeds by rhythmic contraction and relaxation of a neuromuscular organ called the pharynx, which draws in and filters water and bacterial food. This behavior is driven by myogenic plateau potentials, long-lasting depolarizations of the pharyngeal muscle, which are timed by neuronal input from a dedicated pharyngeal nervous system. While the timing of these plateaus' initiation has received significant attention, their mechanisms of termination remain incomple...
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作者：Bolsterlee, Bart; Chow, Brian V. Y.; Yu, Jonathan; Davies, Suzanne; Morgan, Catherine; Rae, Caroline D.; Warton, David I.; Novak, Iona; Lancaster, Ann; Popovic, Gordana C.; Rizzo, Rodrigo R. N.; Rizzo, Claudia Y.; Ball, Iain K.; Herbert, Robert D.
作者单位：Neuroscience Research Australia; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of Sydney; Cerebral Palsy Alliance - Australia; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of Sydney; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of New South Wales Sydney
摘要：Skeletal muscles grow substantially during childhood. However, quantitative information about the size of typically developing children's muscles is sparse. Here, the objective was to construct muscle- specific reference curves for lower leg muscle volumes in children aged 5 to 15 y. Volumes of 10 lower leg muscles were measured from magnetic resonance images of 208 typically developing children and 78 ambulant children with cerebral palsy. Deep learning was used to automatically segment the i...
