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作者：Zhou, Zisong; Zhu, Xiaojue
作者单位：Max Planck Society
摘要：Turbulent convection governs heat transport in both natural and industrial settings, yet optimizing it under extreme conditions remains a significant challenge. Traditional control strategies, such as predefined temperature modulation, struggle to achieve substantial enhancement. Here, we introduce a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework that autonomously discovers optimal control policies to maximize heat transfer in turbulent Rayleigh-B & eacute;nard convection. By dynamically adjustin...
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作者：Galperin, Michael Y.
作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Library of Medicine (NLM); Division of Intramural Research (DIR)
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作者：Jiang, Haowen; Tiche, Sarah Jane; He, Clifford Jiajun; Liu, Junyan; Bian, Fuyun; Jedoui, Mohamed; Forgo, Balint; Islam, Md Tauhidul; Zhao, Meng; Emengo, Pamela; He, Bo; Li, Yang; Li, Albert M.; Truong, Anh T.; Ho, Jestine; Simmermaker, Cathyrin; Yang, Yanan; Zhou, Meng-Ning; Hu, Zhen; Svensson, Katrin J.; Cuthbertson, Daniel J.; Hazard, Florette K.; Xing, Lei; Shimada, Hiroyuki; Chiu, Bill; Ye, Jiangbin
作者单位：Stanford Medicine; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford Medicine; Stanford University; Stanford Medicine; Stanford University; Stanford Medicine; University of California System; University of California Davis; Stanford University; Agilent Technologies
摘要：Reduced mitochondrial quality and quantity in tumors is associated with dedifferentiation and increased malignancy. However, it remains unclear how to restore mitochondrial quantity and quality in tumors and whether mitochondrial restoration can drive tumor differentiation. Our study shows that restoring mitochondrial function using retinoic acid (RA) to boost mitochondrial biogenesis and a mitochondrial uncoupler to enhance respiration synergistically drives neuroblastoma differentiation and ...
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作者：Robes, Jose Miguel D.; Liebergesell, Tashi C. E.; Beals, Delaney G.; Yu, Xinhui; Brazelton, William J.; Puri, Aaron W.
作者单位：United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah
摘要：Methane is a potent greenhouse gas and a target for near-term climate change mitigation. In many natural ecosystems, methane is sequestered by microbial communities, yet little is known about how constituents of methane-oxidizing communities interact with each other and their environment. This lack of mechanistic understanding is a common issue for many important microbial communities, but it is difficult to draw links between available sequencing information and the metabolites that govern co...
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作者：Schibler, Ueli; Sinturel, Flore; Naef, Felix; Gerber, Alan; Gatfield, David
作者单位：University of Geneva; Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+); Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam; University of Lausanne
摘要：In mammals, a hierarchically organized circadian timing system orchestrates daily rhythms of nearly all physiology. A master pacemaker in the brain's suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) synchronizes subsidiary clocks in most peripheral organs. By driving anabolic and catabolic cycles of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates and by detoxifying endo-and xenobiotic components, the liver plays an important role in adapting the metabolic needs to rest-activity rhythms. In keeping with these functions, the ...
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作者：Chukoskie, Leanne; Harteveld, Casper
作者单位：Northeastern University; Northeastern University
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作者：Lehr, Steven A.; Saichandran, Ketan S.; Harmon-Jones, Eddie; Vitali, Nykko; Banaji, Mahzarin R.
作者单位：Boston University; University of New South Wales Sydney; Harvard University
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作者：Xu, Wenhao; Khayrova, Ekaterina Jalomo -; Gumerov, Vadim M.; Ross, Patricia A.; Kobel, Tania S.; Schindler, Daniel; Bange, Gert; Zhulin, Igor B.; Sourjik, Victor
作者单位：Max Planck Society; Philipps University Marburg; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：The human gut is rich in metabolites and harbors a complex microbial community, yet surprisingly little is known about the spectrum of chemical signals detected by the large variety of sensory receptors present in the gut microbiome. Here, we systematically mapped the ligand specificities of selected extracytoplasmic sensory domains from twenty members of the human gut microbiota, with a primary focus on the abundant and physiologically important class of Clostridia. Twenty- five metabolites f...
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作者：Bai, Yang; Zhang, Chao; Liu, Hao; Deng, Fan; Wu, Zeyu; Deng, Wanyan; Zheng, Zengzhang; Min, Rui; Mei, Shenglin; Kang, He; Yu, Huiqing; Pan, Youdong; Lieberman, Judy; Zhao, Jingxia; Liu, Xing
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chongqing Medical University; Tongji University; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Boston Children's Hospital; Program in Cellular & Molecular Medicine (PCMM); Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Capital Medical University
摘要：Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a pattern-recognition receptor located on the plasma membrane, senses extracellular danger signals to initiate inflammatory immune responses. It is initially synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), undergoes N-linked glycosylation, and is subsequently transported to the Golgi before ultimately reaching the plasma membrane. However, the mechanisms underlying the processing and maturation of TLR4 in the ER remain elusive. Through whole genome-wide CRISPR scree...
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作者：Guo, Nianxin; Gu, Jun; Zhou, Qingyang; Liu, Fang; Dong, Haoran; Ding, Qi; Wang, Qixuan; Wu, Dongshan; Yang, Jun; Fan, Junping; Gao, Lei; Houk, Kendall N.; Lei, Xiaoguang
作者单位：Peking University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Peking University; Peking University; Nanjing University of Science & Technology; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Nanjing Agricultural University; Wuhan University
摘要：Berberine bridge enzyme (BBE)-like enzymes catalyze various oxidative cyclization and dehydrogenation reactions in natural product biosynthesis, but the molecular mechanism underlying the selectivity remains unknown. Here, we elucidated the catalytic mechanism of BBE-like oxidases from Morus alba involved in the oxidative cyclization and dehydrogenation of moracin C. X-ray crystal structures of a functionally promiscuous flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-bound oxidase, MaDS1, with and without ...
