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作者：Yang, Bo; Hu, Ao; Wang, Tiantian; Chen, Xiaolin; Ma, Caina; Yang, Xinyue; Deng, Kai
作者单位：Sun Yat Sen University; Sun Yat Sen University; Sun Yat Sen University
摘要：Virus-induced excessive inflammatory response is a key contributor to pathology in respiratory viral infections. However, the underlying mechanisms by which viral infection provokes intense inflammatory reaction and how sustained inflammation leads to tissue damage are not fully understood. Using severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection as an example, our research demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 infection can induce PANoptosis in bystander cells, contributing to the ...
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作者：Kroupin, Ivan; Davis, Helen Elizabeth; Burdett, Emily; Cuata, Agustina Bani; Hartley, Vahumburuka; Henrich, Joseph
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Harvard University; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; University of Nottingham
摘要：In cognitive science, the term executive function (EF) refers to universal features of ally specific cognitive capacities. After all, typical EF measures require forms of decontextualized/arbitrary processing which decades of cross- cultural work indicate develop primarily in schooled worlds-industrialized societies with universal schooling. Here, we report comparisons of performance on typical EF tasks by children inside, and wholly outside schooled worlds. Namely, children ages 5 to 18 from ...
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作者：Jansen, Joachim; Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.; Harkonen, Laura H.; Paterson, Andrew M.; del Giorgio, Paul A.; Prairie, Yves T.
作者单位：University of Helsinki; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; Uppsala University; Finnish Environment Institute
摘要：Dissolved oxygen (DO) is an essential resource in ice-covered lakes, regulating water quality and biodiversity, including the survival of economically important fish species. Most of the world's lakes seasonally freeze, often resulting in oxygen depletion as ice cover inhibits water column ventilation and snow cover limits photosynthesis while respiration continues. Widespread shortening of ice-cover duration in a warmer world might improve winter oxygenation, but this hypothesis remains untes...
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作者：Bardy, Cedric; van den Hurk, Mark; Eames, Tameji; Marchand, Cynthia; Hernandez, Ruben, V; Kellogg, Mariko; Gorris, Mark; Galet, Ben; Palomares, Vanessa; Brown, Joshua; Bang, Anne G.; Mertens, Jeorme; Bohnke, Lena; Boyer, Leah; Simon, Suzanne; Gage, Fred H.
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作者：Bastani, Hamsa; Bastani, Osbert; Sungu, Alp; Ge, Haosen; Kabakci, Ozge; Mariman, Rei
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Generative AI is poised to revolutionize how humans work, and has already demonstrated promise in significantly improving human productivity. A key question is how generative AI affects learning-namely, how humans acquire new skills as they perform tasks. Learning is critical to long-term productivity, especially since generative AI is fallible and users must check its outputs. We study this question via a field experiment where we provide nearly a thousand high school math students with acces...
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作者：Cope, Alexander L.; Shah, Premal
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Rutgers University Biomedical & Health Sciences; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Vanderbilt University
摘要：Across taxonomical domains, synonymous codons of an amino acid are found to be used at unequal frequencies within genomes. This codon usage bias (CUB) is highly variable across species. Genome-wide CUB reflects a balance between adaptive and nonadaptive microevolutionary processes within a species. Variation in microevolutionary processes results in across-species variation in CUB. As CUB is tightly linked to important molecular and biophysical processes, it is critical to understand how chang...
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作者：Das, Alakananda; Qiu, Yanping; Wolf, Trevor J.; Brissett, Ella; Cho, Jaehyoung; Park, Heenam; Chen, Eugene C.; Chou, Tsui - Fen; Sternberg, Paul W.
作者单位：California Institute of Technology; Claremont Colleges; Claremont Graduate University; Claremont McKenna College
摘要：Regulation of proteome homeostasis is crucial for the survival and adaptation to changing environments for all species. In eukaryotes, this process is finely tuned through regulation at the level of transcription, translation, protein modification, and protein degradation. The phospholipase A2 activating protein (PLAA) is present in all eukaryotes and believed to be a key player in ubiquitin-dependent protein sorting and degradation via its interactions with ubiquitin and/or the AAA+ ATPase, v...
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作者：Lancon, Kevin; Tian, Jiakang; Bach, Haleigh; Drapeau, Pierre; Poulin, Jean- Francois; Seguela, Philippe
作者单位：McGill University; McGill University; Universite de Montreal
摘要：Chronic pain arises from maladaptive changes in both peripheral and central nervous systems, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a key region implicated in descending pain modulation. Chronic pain increases the excitability of pyramidal neurons in the ACC. Although a reduction in inhibitory inputs onto pyramidal neurons has been observed in neuropathic conditions, the identity of the specific interneurons responsible remains unclear. We show that chronic pain selectively impairs par...
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作者：Maeda, Gerald P.; Dang, Vy; Kelly, Mary Katherine; Sundar, Aadhunik; Arnott, Ryan L. W.; Marcotte, Edward M.; Moran, Nancy A.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：Insects frequently form associations with maternally transmitted symbiotic bacteria. This transmission mode ensures that symbiont-conferred effects, both beneficial and negative, are passed onto offspring. Here, we report an extreme example of symbiont-mediated temperature sensitivity imposed by a vertically transmitted, defensive symbiont. Pea aphids infected with the bacterial endosymbiont, Fukatsuia symbiotica, resist infection by fungal pathogens but produce few or no offspring when moved ...
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作者：Patel, Haritosh; Huang, Yu Xuan; Dengiz, Duygu; Pravdivtseva, Mariya; Jansen, Olav; Quandt, Eckhard; Aizenberg, Joanna
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Kiel; University of Kiel; Schleswig Holstein University Hospital; University of Kiel; Schleswig Holstein University Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard University
摘要：Hydrocephalus, a neurological condition characterized by an excessive buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain, affects millions worldwide and leads to severe consequences. Current treatments, such as ventriculoperitoneal shunts, divert excess CSF from the brain but often face complications, mainly due to shunt obstructions caused by biological matter accumulation. While previous shunt designs aimed to improve fluid flow and reduce occlusion, they often lacked the precision needed for...
