2025

最新文章

• Phase transitions in the rolling of irregular cylinders and spheres AI翻译
  作者：Qian, Daoyuan; Jung, Yeonsu; Mahadevan, L.
  作者单位：Harvard University; University of Cambridge; Harvard University; Harvard University
  摘要：When placed on an inclined plane, a perfect 2D disk or 3D sphere simply rolls down in a straight line under gravity. But how is the rolling affected if these shapes are irregular or random? Treating the terminal rolling speed as an order parameter, we show that there are qualitative transitions in the speed as a function of the dimension of the state space and inertia. We calculate the scaling exponents and the macroscopic lag time associated with the presence of first- and second-order transi...
• Conformational free energy landscape of a glutamate transporter and microscopic details of its transport mechanism AI翻译
  作者：Thangapandian, Sundar; Fakharzadeh, Ashkan; Moradi, Mahmoud; Tajkhorshid, Emad
  作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
  摘要：Removing glutamate from the synaptic cleft is vital for proper function of the brain. Excitatory amino acid transporters mediate this process by uptaking the neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft back to the cell after its release. The archaeal homolog, GltPh, an aspartate transporter from Pyrococcus horikoshii, presents the best structurally characterized model for this family of transporters. In order to transport, GltPh undergoes elevator-like conformational changes between inward-facing...
• Extensive location bias of the GPCR- dependent translatome via site- selective activation of mTOR AI翻译
  作者：Klauer, Matthew J.; Hall, Katherine L.; Jagla, Caitlin A. D.; Tsvetanova, Nikoleta G.
  作者单位：Duke University
  摘要：G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) modulate various physiological functions by rewiring cellular gene expression in response to extracellular signals. Control of gene expression by GPCRs has been studied almost exclusively at the transcriptional level, neglecting an extensive amount of regulation that takes place translationally. Hence, little is known about the nature and mechanisms of gene- specific posttranscriptional regulation downstream of receptor activation. Here, we apply an unbiased...
• Do LLMs write like humans? Variation in grammatical and rhetorical styles AI翻译
  作者：Reinhart, Alex; Markey, Ben; Laudenbach, Michael; Pantusen, Kachatad; Yurko, Ronald; Weinberg, Gordon; Brown, David West
  作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; Carnegie Mellon University; New Jersey Institute of Technology; Carnegie Mellon University
  摘要：Large language models (LLMs) are capable of writing grammatical text that follows instructions, answers questions, and solves problems. As they have advanced, it has become difficult to distinguish their output from human-written text. While past research has found some differences in features such as word choice and punctuation and developed classifiers to detect LLM output, none has studied the rhetorical styles of LLMs. Using several variants of Llama 3 and GPT-4o, we construct two parallel...
• Debiasing job ads by replacing masculine language increases gender diversity of applicant pools AI翻译
  作者：He, Joyce C.; Kang, Sonia K.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Toronto; University Toronto Mississauga
  摘要：Job advertisements for jobs in male- dominated fields tend to contain more masculine language, and a commonly proposed intervention to increase gender diversity in applicant pools is to remove this language. In our research, we offer predictions about the broader impact of such interventions on individuals who may not fit with traditional masculine identity. Across four multimethod studies (N = 37,920) spanning both field and lab settings, we demonstrate that a gender debiasing intervention th...
• Identification of FSH- regulated and estrous stage-specific transcriptional networks in mouse ovaries AI翻译
  作者：Walters, Kathryn; Baldwin, Amber; Liu, Zhenghui; Larsen, Mark; Mukherjee, Neelanjan; Kumar, T. Rajendra
  作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
  摘要：Follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) acts by binding to FSHRs expressed on ovarian granulosa cells and produces estradiol. FSH is essential for female fertility because mice lacking FSH (Fshb KO) are anestrous and infertile. Although several in vitro cell culture and ex vivo approaches combined with pharmacological hormone treatment were used to identify FSH- regulated genes, how FSH orchestrates ovarian gene net-works in vivo has not been investigated. Whether FSH- regulated genes display estr...
• Receptor clustering tunes and sharpens the selectivity of multivalent binding AI翻译
  作者：Xie, Zhaoping; Angioletti-Uberti, Stefano; Dobnikar, Jure; Frenkel, Daan; Curk, Tine
  作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Imperial College London; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Physics, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; University of Cambridge; Johns Hopkins University
  摘要：The immune system exploits a wide range of strategies to combine sensitivity with selectivity for optimal response. We propose a generic physical mechanism that allows tuning the location and steepness of the response threshold of cellular processes activated by multivalent binding. The mechanism is based on the possibility to modulate the attraction between membrane receptors. We use theory and simulations to show how tuning interreceptor attraction can enhance or suppress the binding of mult...
• QnAs with Jeremy J. Michalek and Corey D. Harper AI翻译
  作者：Hardcastle, Matthew
• Microlevel structural poverty estimates for southern and eastern Africa AI翻译
  作者：Tennant, Elizabeth; Ru, Yating; Sheng, Peizan; Matteson, David S.; Barrett, Christopher B.
  作者单位：Cornell University; Asian Development Bank; Cornell University; University of Chicago; Cornell University; Cornell University; Cornell University
  摘要：For many countries in the Global South traditional poverty estimates are available only infrequently and at coarse spatial resolutions, if at all. This limits decisionmakers' and analysts' ability to target humanitarian and development interventions and makes it difficult to study relationships between poverty and other natural and human phenomena at finer spatial scales. Advances in Earth observation and machine learningbased methods have proven capable of generating more granular estimates o...
• 14-3-3 promotes sarcolemmal expression of cardiac CaV1.2 and nucleates isoproterenol-triggered channel superclustering AI翻译
  作者：Spooner, Heather C.; Costa, Alexandre D.; Westhoff, Maartje; Hernandez-Gonzalez, Adriana; Ibrahimkhail, Husna; Yarov-Yarovoy, Vladimir; Horne, Mary C.; Dickson, Eamonn J.; Dixon, Rose E.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis
  摘要：The L- type Ca2+ channel (Ca(V)1.2) is essential for cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. To contribute to the inward Ca2+ flux that drives Ca2+- induced- Ca2+- release, Ca(V)1.2 channels must be expressed on the sarcolemma; thus the regulatory mechanisms that tune Ca(V)1.2 expression to meet contractile demand are an emerging area of research. A ubiquitously expressed protein called 14- 3- 3 has been proposed to affect Ca2+ channel trafficking in nonmyocytes; however, whether 14- 3- 3 has...