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作者：Mikolas, Martin; Piovesan, Gianluca; Ahlstrom, Anders; Donato, Daniel C.; Gloor, Rhiannon; Hofmeister, Jenyk; Keeton, William S.; Muys, Bart; Sabatini, Francesco M.; Svoboda, Miroslav; Kuemmerle, Tobias
作者单位：Czech University of Life Sciences Prague; Tuscia University; Lund University; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; KU Leuven; University of Bologna; Humboldt University of Berlin
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作者：Ramsaran, Adam I.; Wang, Ying; Golbabaei, Ali; Aleshin, Stepan; de Snoo, Mitchell L.; Yeung, Bi-ru Amy; Rashid, Asim J.; Awasthi, Ankit; Lau, Jocelyn; Tran, Lina M.; Ko, Sangyoon Y.; Abegg, Andrin; Duan, Lana Chunan; McKenzie, Cory; Gallucci, Julia; Ahmed, Moriam; Kaushik, Rahul; Dityatev, Alexander; Josselyn, Sheena A.; Frankland, Paul W.
作者单位：University of Toronto; Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids); University of Toronto; University of Toronto; University of Toronto; Helmholtz Association; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Otto von Guericke University; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); University of Zurich; University of Zurich; University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction & Mental Health - Canada
摘要：The ability to form precise, episodic memories develops with age, with young children only able to form gist-like memories that lack precision. The cellular and molecular events in the developing hippocampus that underlie the emergence of precise, episodic-like memory are unclear. In mice, the absence of a competitive neuronal engram allocation process in the immature hippocampus precluded the formation of sparse engrams and precise memories until the fourth postnatal week, when inhibitory cir...
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作者：Zhang, Xiaoyu; Fitez, Grant; Subzwari, Shayaan; Bingham, Nicholas S.; Chioar, Ioan-Augustin; Saglam, Hilal; Ramberger, Justin; Leighton, Chris; Nisoli, Cristiano; Schiffer, Peter
作者单位：Yale University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Los Alamos National Laboratory; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Yale University; University of Maine System; University of Maine Orono
摘要：Ergodic kinetics, which are critical to equilibrium thermodynamics, can be constrained by a system's topology. We studied a model nanomagnetic array in which such constraints visibly affect the behavior of the magnetic moments. In this system, magnetic excitations connect into thermally active one-dimensional strings whose motion can be imaged in real time. At high temperatures, our data showed the merging, breaking, and reconnecting of strings, resulting in the system transitioning between to...
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作者：[Anonymous]
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作者：Flaxman, Seth; Kasonka, Lackson; Cluver, Lucie; Souza, Andrea Santos; Nelson Iii, Charles A.; Blenkinsop, Alexandra; Unwin, H. Juliette T.; Hillis, Susan
作者单位：University of Oxford; Harvard University; Imperial College London
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作者：Ellis, Erle C.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore County
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作者：Saurer, Martin; Leibundgut, Marc; Nadimpalli, Hima Priyanka; Scaiola, Alain; Schonhut, Tanja; Lee, Richard G.; Siira, Stefan J.; Rackham, Oliver; Dreos, Rene; Lenarcic, Tea; Kummer, Eva; Gatfield, David; Filipovska, Aleksandra; Ban, Nenad
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Lausanne; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research; University of Western Australia; Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre; University of Western Australia; University of Western Australia; Perth Childrens Hospital; The Kids Research Institute Australia; Curtin University
摘要：The genetic code that specifies the identity of amino acids incorporated into proteins during protein synthesis is almost universally conserved. Mitochondrial genomes feature deviations from the standard genetic code, including the reassignment of two arginine codons to stop codons. The protein required for translation termination at these noncanonical stop codons to release the newly synthesized polypeptides is not currently known. In this study, we used gene editing and ribosomal profiling i...
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作者：Brown, Chrysothemis C.; Rudensky, Alexander Y.
作者单位：Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
摘要：The incomplete removal of T cells that are reactive against self-proteins during their differentiation in the thymus requires mechanisms of tolerance that prevent their effector function within the periphery. A further challenge is imposed by the need to establish tolerance to the holobiont self, which comprises a highly complex community of commensal microorganisms. Here, we review recent advances in the investigation of peripheral T cell tolerance, focusing on new insights into mechanisms of...
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作者：Michellod, Dolma; Bien, Tanja; Birgel, Daniel; Violette, Marlene; Kleiner, Manuel; Fearn, Sarah; Zeidler, Caroline; Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.; Dubilier, Nicole; Liebeke, Manuel
作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of Munster; University of Hamburg; North Carolina State University; Imperial College London; University of Bremen; University of Kiel
摘要：Sterols are vital for nearly all eukaryotes. Their distribution differs in plants and animals, with phytosterols commonly found in plants whereas most animals are dominated by cholesterol. We show that sitosterol, a common sterol of plants, is the most abundant sterol in gutless marine annelids. Using multiomics, metabolite imaging, heterologous gene expression, and enzyme assays, we show that these animals synthesize sitosterol de novo using a noncanonical C-24 sterol methyltransferase (C24-S...
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作者：Walton, Gregory M.; Murphy, Mary C.; Logel, Christine; Yeager, David S.; Goyer, J. Parker; Brady, Shannon T.; Emerson, Katherine T. U.; Paunesku, David; Fotuhi, Omid; Blodorn, Alison; Boucher, Kathryn L.; Carter, Evelyn R.; Gopalan, Maithreyi; Henderson, Amy; Kroeper, Kathryn M.; Murdock-Perriera, Lisel Alice; Reeves, Stephanie L.; Ablorh, Tsotso T.; Ansari, Shahana; Chen, Susie; Fisher, Peter; Galvan, Manuel; Gilbertson, Madison Kawakami; Hulleman, Chris S.; Le Forestier, Joel M.; Lok, Christopher; Mathias, Katie; Muragishi, Gregg A.; Netter, Melanie; Ozier, Elise; Smith, Eric N.; Thoman, Dustin B.; Williams, Heidi E.; Wilmot, Matthew O.; Hartzog, Cassie; Li, X. Alice; Krol, Natasha
作者单位：Stanford University; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; University of Waterloo; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Wake Forest University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University of Indianapolis; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Sacred Heart University; California State University System; Sonoma State University; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Boston; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of Virginia; University of Toronto; University of Waterloo; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; California State University System; San Diego State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：A promising way to mitigate inequality is by addressing students' worries about belonging. But where and with whom is this social-belonging intervention effective? Here we report a team-science randomized controlled experiment with 26,911 students at 22 diverse institutions. Results showed that the social-belonging intervention, administered online before college (in under 30 minutes), increased the rate at which students completed the first year as full-time students, especially among student...
