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作者：Kroeze, Ronen M.; Marsh, Brendan P.; Atri Schuller, David; Hunt, Henry S.; Bourzutschky, Alexander N.; Winer, Michael; Gopalakrishnan, Sarang; Keeling, Jonathan; Lev, Benjamin L.
作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Princeton University; University of St Andrews
摘要：Spin glasses are quintessential examples of complex matter. Although their ordering lacks complete theoretical understanding, abstract models of spin glasses inform problems in other fields, such as combinatorial optimization and artificial intelligence-where they form a mathematical basis for neural network computing. We demonstrate the ability to realize a spin glass of a distinct driven-dissipative and vector form. By microscopically visualizing its glassy spin states, the technique allows ...
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作者：Lu, Kuan-Jen; Hsu, Chia-Wei; Jane, Wann-Neng; Peng, Mien-Hao; Chou, Ya-Wen; Huang, Pin-Hsuan; Yeh, Kuo-Chen; Wu, Shu-Hsing; Liao, James C.
作者单位：Academia Sinica - Taiwan; Academia Sinica - Taiwan; Academia Sinica - Taiwan
摘要：Carbon fixation through the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle accounts for the majority of carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake from the atmosphere. The CBB cycle generates C3 carbohydrates but is inefficient at producing acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) (C2), which is the universal precursor for synthesizing lipids. In this work, we introduced in Arabidopsis thaliana a new-to-nature CO2 fixing cycle, malyl-CoA-glycerate (McG) cycle, which together with the CBB cycle forms a dual-cycle CO2 fixation system. This...
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作者：Fanelli, Daniele
作者单位：Heriot Watt University
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作者：Henson, Henry C.
作者单位：Aarhus University
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作者：Cho, Adrian
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作者：Rana, Abhijit; Harville, Payten A.; Khuu, Thien; Johnson, Mark A.
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：Isolated cluster systems can help to elucidate the molecular level description of water-mediated proton transfer. Protonation of neutral 4-aminobenzoic acid (4ABA) occurs at the acid (O-protomer) and amine (N-protomer) functionalities, yielding two distinct species with relative energies dependent on the degree of hydration. Here, we measured the rates of intramolecular proton transfer in 4ABAH+(H2O)6 ions upon protomer-selective vibrational excitation of initially cold (6 K) cluster ions isol...
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作者：Dolgin, Elie
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作者：Wadman, Meredith
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作者：Monnet, Francois; Postel, Zoe; Touzet, Pascal; Fraisse, Christelle; van de Peer, Yves; Vekemans, Xavier; Roux, Camille
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Lille; CNRS - Institute of Ecology & Environment (INEE); Ghent University; Ghent University; Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB); University of Pretoria; Nanjing Agricultural University
摘要：Speciation, the process by which new reproductively isolated species emerge from ancestral populations, results from the gradual accumulation of barriers to gene flow within genomes. To date, the notion that interspecific genetic exchange (introgression) occurs more frequently between plant species than animals has gained a strong footing in scientific discourse. By examining the dynamics of gene flow across a continuum of divergence in both kingdoms, we observed the opposite relationship: Pla...
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作者：Siegenthaler, Dominique; Denny, Henry; Carrasco, Sofia Skromne; Mayer, Johanna Luise; Levenstein, Daniel; Peyrache, Adrien; Trenholm, Stuart; Mace, Emilie
作者单位：University of Gottingen; University of Gottingen Hospital; University of Gottingen; McGill University; Mila Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute; Yale University
摘要：Animals use visual objects to guide navigation-related behaviors. However, visual object-preferring areas have yet to be described in the mouse brain, limiting our understanding of how visual objects affect spatial navigation system processing. Using functional ultrasound imaging, we identified brain areas that were preferentially activated by images of objects compared with their scrambled versions. Whereas visual cortex did not show a preference, areas associated with spatial navigation were...
