-
作者：Bryan, Jared; Frank, William B.; Audet, Pascal
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Ottawa
摘要：Earthquakes abruptly release tectonic stress that builds slowly over time through the coupled evolution of faults and the surrounding crust. Seismic wavespeeds track crustal deformation and stress changes, but typical monitoring methods are most sensitive to shallow depths. Using receiver functions, we tracked rupture-zone wavespeed and anisotropy changes throughout the crust during the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence. Shallow coseismic wavespeed reductions recovered within months, whereas...
-
作者：Elie, Julie E.; de Witasse-Thezy, Aude; Thomas, Logan; Malit, Ben; Theunissen, Frederic E.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon (ENS de LYON); University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Vocal communication in social animals involves the production and perception of various calls that ethologists categorize into call types based on their acoustical structure and behavioral context. Whether these categories indicate distinct meanings for the animals remains unknown. The zebra finch, a gregarious songbird, uses similar to 11 call types that are known to communicate hunger, danger, or social conflict and to establish social contact and bonding. Using auditory discrimination tasks...
-
作者：Purevjav, Avralt-Od; Avirmed, Tumenkhusel; Wilcox, Steven W.; Barrett, Christopher B.
作者单位：The World Bank; Stanford University; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; Cornell University; Cornell University
摘要：Rangelands are Earth's dominant land type, supporting the livelihoods of more than 2 billion people. Concerns about rangeland degradation typically focus on overgrazing. But climate change may be a greater culprit. Using spatially disaggregated, nationwide data from Mongolia, from 1984 to 2024, we exploited seasonal variation in grazing locations to quasi-experimentally estimate the causal effects of livestock herd size, weather, and climate change on rangeland primary productivity. At interan...
-
作者：Verardi, Peter J.; Ryutov, Elizabeth A.; Mukherjee, Poulami; Lalisse, Remy; Targos, Karina; Inagaki, Tetsuya; Kelly, Megan; Guzei, Ilia A.; Schreier, Marcel; Gutierrez, Osvaldo; Wickens, Zachary K.
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Osaka; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：The stereoselective functionalization of C-H bonds represents a central challenge in modern organic synthesis. Despite decades of innovation in C-H activation chemistry, methods for Z-selective functionalization of alkenes have eluded synthetic practitioners. Terminal alkenes present the biggest challenge for Z-selectivity as they require selective cleavage of the more hindered of two otherwise virtually identical C-H bonds. Herein, we describe the transformation of alkenes into transient 1,2-...
-
作者：Cornwall, Warren
-
作者：Hill, Spencer A.; Meyers, Destiny Zamir; Sobel, Adam H.; Biasutti, Michela; Cane, Mark A.; Tippett, Michael K.; Ahmed, Fiaz
作者单位：City University of New York (CUNY) System; City College of New York (CUNY); Columbia University; Columbia University; Columbia University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Extreme rainfall during the Indian summer monsoon can be destructive and deadly to the world's third-largest economy and most populous country. Although El Ni & ntilde;o events in the equatorial Pacific are known to suppress total summer rainfall throughout India, we show using observational data spanning 1901 to 2020 that, counterintuitively, they simultaneously intensify extreme daily rainfall. This is partly driven by increases in extreme daily values of convective buoyancy, provided that b...
-
作者：O'Hayre, Ryan; Haile, Sossina M.
作者单位：Colorado School of Mines; Northwestern University
-
作者：O'Dwyer, James P.; Lutz, James A.; Schappe, Tyler; Alegre, Dana; Black, Andrew N.; Grunwald, Niklaus J.; Jones, F. Andrew
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; Oregon State University; Duke University; Oregon State University; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
摘要：Species population sizes fluctuate over time, and these temporal dynamics play a key role in governing the maintenance of biodiversity. Although modeling approaches have been developed to characterize fluctuations in species abundances, the data required to parameterize these models from scratch are substantial. Here we introduce a new approach to modeling population fluctuations on decadal timescales by relating community-level dynamics to population-level patterns encoded in plant genomes. U...
-
作者：Eder, Mathias; Moene, Christina J. I.; Dauban, Lise; Magnitov, Mikhail; Drayton, Jamie; de Haas, Marcel; Leemans, Christ; Verkuilen, Martijn; de Wit, Elzo; Hansen, Anders S.; van Steensel, Bas
作者单位：Netherlands Cancer Institute; Netherlands Cancer Institute; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute
摘要：Genes are often activated by enhancers located at large genomic distances, and the importance of this positioning is poorly understood. By relocating promoter-reporter constructs into thousands of alternative positions within a single locus, we dissected the positional relationship between the mouse Sox2 gene and its distal enhancer. This revealed an intricate, sharply confined activation landscape in which the native Sox2 gene occupies an optimal position for its activation. Deletion of the g...
-
作者：Thorp, H. Holden
