2024

最新文章

• The emerging view on the origin and early evolution of eukaryotic cells AI翻译
  作者：Vosseberg, Julian; van Hooff, Jolien J. E.; Kostlbacher, Stephan; Panagiotou, Kassiani; Tamarit, Daniel; Ettema, Thijs J. G.
  作者单位：Wageningen University & Research; Utrecht University
  摘要：The origin of the eukaryotic cell, with its compartmentalized nature and generally large size compared with bacterial and archaeal cells, represents a cornerstone event in the evolution of complex life on Earth. In a process referred to as eukaryogenesis, the eukaryotic cell is believed to have evolved between approximately 1.8 and 2.7 billion years ago from its archaeal ancestors, with a symbiosis with a bacterial (proto-mitochondrial) partner being a key event. In the tree of life, the branc...
• Observing the two-dimensional Bose glass in an optical quasicrystal AI翻译
  作者：Yu, Jr-Chiun; Bhave, Shaurya; Reeve, Lee; Song, Bo; Schneider, Ulrich
  作者单位：University of Cambridge; Industrial Technology Research Institute - Taiwan; Peking University; Peking University
  摘要：The presence of disorder substantially influences the behaviour of physical systems. It can give rise to slow or glassy dynamics, or to a complete suppression of transport as in Anderson insulators1, where normally extended wavefunctions such as light fields or electronic Bloch waves become exponentially localized. The combined effect of disorder and interactions is central to the richness of condensed-matter physics2. In bosonic systems, it can also lead to additional quantum states such as t...
• I make fake eyes for those who need them AI翻译
  作者：Nordling, Linda; Wasswa, Franklin
  摘要：As the only ocularist in Uganda, Franklin Wasswa produces customized prosthetic eyes for people who've lost their own to injury or disease.
• Conserve genetic diversity to conserve biodiversity AI翻译
  作者：Fady, Bruno; Dagher Kharrat, Magda Bou
  作者单位：INRAE
• The heart is put at risk of rupture by cells bordering damaged tissue AI翻译
  作者：Lavine, Kory
  作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL)
  摘要：After a heart attack, cardiac muscle cells at the border between injured and healthy tissue instigate an inflammatory response, which spreads to neighbouring cells and makes the heart wall vulnerable to tearing.
• The ribosome lowers the entropic penalty of protein folding AI翻译
  作者：Streit, Julian O.; Bukvin, Ivana V.; Chan, Sammy H. S.; Bashir, Shahzad; Woodburn, Lauren F.; Wlodarski, Tomasz; Figueiredo, Angelo Miguel; Jurkeviciute, Gabija; Sidhu, Haneesh K.; Hornby, Charity R.; Waudby, Christopher A.; Cabrita, Lisa D.; Cassaignau, Anais M. E.; Christodoulou, John
  作者单位：University of London; Birkbeck University London
  摘要：Most proteins fold during biosynthesis on the ribosome(1), and co-translational folding energetics, pathways and outcomes of many proteins have been found to differ considerably from those in refolding studies(2-10). The origin of this folding modulation by the ribosome has remained unknown. Here we have determined atomistic structures of the unfolded state of a model protein on and off the ribosome, which reveal that the ribosome structurally expands the unfolded nascent chain and increases i...
• Structural basis for transthiolation intermediates in the ubiquitin pathway AI翻译
  作者：Kochanczyk, Tomasz; Hann, Zachary S.; Lux, Michaelyn C.; Delos Reyes, Avelyn Mae V.; Ji, Cheng; Tan, Derek S.; Lima, Christopher D.
  作者单位：Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Cornell University; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
  摘要：Transthiolation (also known as transthioesterification) reactions are used in the biosynthesis of acetyl coenzyme A, fatty acids and polyketides, and for post-translational modification by ubiquitin (Ub) and ubiquitin-like (Ubl) proteins(1-3). For the Ub pathway, E1 enzymes catalyse transthiolation from an E1 similar to Ub thioester to an E2 similar to Ub thioester. Transthiolation is also required for transfer of Ub from an E2 similar to Ub thioester to HECT (homologous to E6AP C terminus) an...
• Immune system adaptation during gender-affirming testosterone treatment AI翻译
  作者：Lakshmikanth, Tadepally; Consiglio, Camila; Sardh, Fabian; Forlin, Rikard; Wang, Jun; Tan, Ziyang; Barcenilla, Hugo; Rodriguez, Lucie; Sugrue, Jamie; Noori, Peri; Ivanchenko, Margarita; Paez, Laura Pinero; Gonzalez, Laura; Mugabo, Constantin Habimana; Johnsson, Anette; Ryberg, Henrik; Hallgren, Asa; Pou, Christian; Chen, Yang; Mikes, Jaromir; James, Anna; Dahlqvist, Per; Wahlberg, Jeanette; Hagelin, Anders; Holmberg, Mats; Degerblad, Marie; Isaksson, Magnus; Duffy, Darragh; Kampe, Olle; Landegren, Nils; Brodin, Petter
  作者单位：Karolinska Institutet; Lund University; Karolinska Institutet; Uppsala University; Pasteur Network; Universite Paris Cite; Institut Pasteur Paris; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; University of Gothenburg; Umea University; Orebro University; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; Uppsala University; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Imperial College London
  摘要：Infectious, inflammatory and autoimmune conditions present differently in males and females. SARS-CoV-2 infection in naive males is associated with increased risk of death, whereas females are at increased risk of long COVID1, similar to observations in other infections2. Females respond more strongly to vaccines, and adverse reactions are more frequent3, like most autoimmune diseases4. Immunological sex differences stem from genetic, hormonal and behavioural factors5 but their relative import...
• AI analysed 1,500 policies to cut emissions. These ones worked AI翻译
  作者：You, Xiaoying
  摘要：Only 63 climate-change interventions led to significant reductions in carbon emissions.
• AI generates covertly racist decisions about people based on their dialect AI翻译
  作者：Hofmann, Valentin; Kalluri, Pratyusha Ria; Jurafsky, Dan; King, Sharese
  作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Munich; Stanford University; University of Chicago
  摘要：Hundreds of millions of people now interact with language models, with uses ranging from help with writing(1,2) to informing hiring decisions(3). However, these language models are known to perpetuate systematic racial prejudices, making their judgements biased in problematic ways about groups such as African Americans(4-7). Although previous research has focused on overt racism in language models, social scientists have argued that racism with a more subtle character has developed over time, ...