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作者：Konofagou, Elisa E.
作者单位：Columbia University; Columbia University
摘要：Cardiovascular disease claims more lives each year than do the two next-deadliest diseases combined. An ultrasound technique that tracks tiny gas-filled bubbles could pave the way towards improved early detection.
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作者：[Anonymous]
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作者：Bucholz, Claire E.
摘要：What stabilized and strengthened the oldest, most robust blocks of continental crust billions of years ago during the Archaean eon has long been a mystery. It seems that a surprise helping hand might have come from the air above.
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作者：Reimink, Jesse R.; Smye, Andrew J.
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：Earth's silica-rich continental crust is unique among the terrestrial planets and is critical for planetary habitability. Cratons represent the most imperishable continental fragments and form about 50% of the continental crust of the Earth, yet the mechanisms responsible for craton stabilization remain enigmatic 1 . Large tracts of strongly differentiated crust formed between 3 and 2.5 billion years ago, during the late Mesoarchaean and Neoarchaean time periods 2 . This crust contains abundan...
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作者：Karras, Panagiotis; Black, James R. M.; McGranahan, Nicholas; Marine, Jean-Christophe
作者单位：Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB); University of London; University College London
摘要：Metastasis is a multistep process by which cancer cells break away from their original location and spread to distant organs, and is responsible for the vast majority of cancer-related deaths. Preventing early metastatic dissemination would revolutionize the ability to fight cancer. Unfortunately, the relatively poor understanding of the molecular underpinnings of metastasis has hampered the development of effective anti-metastatic drugs. Although it is now accepted that disseminating tumour c...
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作者：Yu, Haoxuan; Zahidi, Izni
作者单位：Monash University; Monash University Malaysia
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作者：Suppermpool, Anya; Lyons, Declan G.; Broom, Elizabeth; Rihel, Jason
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London
摘要：Sleep is a nearly universal behaviour with unclear functions 1 . The synaptic homeostasis hypothesis proposes that sleep is required to renormalize the increases in synaptic number and strength that occur during wakefulness 2 . Some studies examining either large neuronal populations 3 or small patches of dendrites 4 have found evidence consistent with the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis, but whether sleep merely functions as a permissive state or actively promotes synaptic downregulation at t...
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作者：Weissman, Myrna M.; Mootz, Jennifer J.
作者单位：Columbia University
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作者：Minikel, Eric Vallabh; Painter, Jeffery L.; Dong, Coco Chengliang; Nelson, Matthew R.
作者单位：Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; GlaxoSmithKline; Glaxosmithkline USA
摘要：The cost of drug discovery and development is driven primarily by failure(1), with only about 10% of clinical programmes eventually receiving approval(2-4). We previously estimated that human genetic evidence doubles the success rate from clinical development to approval(5). In this study we leverage the growth in genetic evidence over the past decade to better understand the characteristics that distinguish clinical success and failure. We estimate the probability of success for drug mechanis...
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作者：Adam, David
摘要：Autonomous weapons guided by artificial intelligence are already in use. Researchers, legal experts and ethicists are struggling with what should be allowed on the battlefield.
