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作者：Xue, Zhiwei; Zhou, Tiankuang; Xu, Zhihao; Yu, Shaoliang; Dai, Qionghai; Fang, Lu
作者单位：Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University; Zhejiang Laboratory; Tsinghua University
摘要：Optical computing promises to improve the speed and energy efficiency of machine learning applications1-6. However, current approaches to efficiently train these models are limited by in silico emulation on digital computers. Here we develop a method called fully forward mode (FFM) learning, which implements the compute-intensive training process on the physical system. The majority of the machine learning operations are thus efficiently conducted in parallel on site, alleviating numerical mod...
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作者：Vorlaender, Matthias K.; Rothe, Patricia; Kleifeld, Justus; Cormack, Eric D.; Veleti, Lalitha; Riabov-Bassat, Daria; Fin, Laura; Phillips, Alex W.; Cochella, Luisa; Plaschka, Clemens
作者单位：Vienna Biocenter (VBC); Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP); Medical University of Vienna; University of Vienna; Vienna Biocenter (VBC); Medical University of Vienna; Johns Hopkins University
摘要：Precursor-mRNA (pre-mRNA) splicing requires the assembly, remodelling and disassembly of the multi-megadalton ribonucleoprotein complex called the spliceosome1. Recent studies have shed light on spliceosome assembly and remodelling for catalysis2-6, but the mechanism of disassembly remains unclear. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of nematode and human terminal intron lariat spliceosomes along with biochemical and genetic data. Our results uncover how four disassembly factors...
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作者：Tollefson, Jeff
摘要：Unions are joining the Biden administration's campaign to promote scientific integrity and protect government scientists from political interference.
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作者：Woess, Katharina; Alonso-Curbelo, Direna
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作者：Kim, Elizabeth D.; Wu, Xiaoan; Lee, Sangyun; Tibbs, Gareth R.; Cunningham, Kevin P.; Di Zanni, Eleonora; Perez, Marta E.; Goldstein, Peter A.; Accardi, Alessio; Larsson, H. Peter; Nimigean, Crina M.
作者单位：Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; University of Miami; University of Westminster; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Linkoping University
摘要：Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels1 are essential for pacemaking activity and neural signalling2,3. Drugs inhibiting HCN1 are promising candidates for management of neuropathic pain4 and epileptic seizures5. The general anaesthetic propofol (2,6-di-iso-propylphenol) is a known HCN1 allosteric inhibitor(6) with unknown structural basis. Here, using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and electrophysiology, we show that propofol inhibits HCN1 by binding to a ...
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作者：Chan, Yi-Hao; Liu, Zhiyong; Bastard, Paul; Khobrekar, Noopur; Hutchison, Kennen M.; Yamazaki, Yasuhiro; Fan, Qing; Matuozzo, Daniela; Harschnitz, Oliver; Kerrouche, Nacim; Nakajima, Koji; Amin, Param; Yatim, Ahmad; Rinchai, Darawan; Chen, Jie; Zhang, Peng; Ciceri, Gabriele; Chen, Jia; Dobbs, Kerry; Belkaya, Serkan; Lee, Danyel; Gervais, Adrian; Aydin, Kursad; Kartal, Ayse; Hasek, Mary L.; Zhao, Shuxiang; Reino, Eduardo Garcia; Lee, Yoon Seung; Seeleuthner, Yoann; Chaldeba, Matthieu; Bailey, Rasheed; Vanhulle, Catherine; Lorenzo, Lazaro; Boucherit, Soraya; Rozenberg, Flore; Marr, Nico; Mogensen, Trine H.; Aubart, Melodie; Cobat, Aurelie; Dulac, Olivier; Emiroglu, Melike; Paludan, Soren R.; Abel, Laurent; Notarangelo, Luigi; Longnecker, Richard; Smith, Greg; Studer, Lorenz; Casanova, Jean-Laurent; Zhang, Shen-Ying
作者单位：Rockefeller University; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Universite Paris Cite; Assistance Publique Hopitaux Paris (APHP); Universite Paris Cite; Hopital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades - APHP; Assistance Publique Hopitaux Paris (APHP); Universite Paris Cite; Hopital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades - APHP; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID); Human Technopole; Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University; Istanbul Medipol University; Selcuk University; Universite de Rouen Normandie; CHU de Rouen; Assistance Publique Hopitaux Paris (APHP); Universite Paris Cite; Hopital Universitaire Cochin - APHP; Sidra Medical & Research Center; Aarhus University; Aarhus University; Aarhus University; Assistance Publique Hopitaux Paris (APHP); Universite Paris Cite; Hopital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades - APHP; Assistance Publique Hopitaux Paris (APHP); Universite Paris Cite; Hopital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades - APHP; Selcuk University; University of Gothenburg; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
摘要：Most cases of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) remain unexplained(1,2). Here, we report on two unrelated people who had HSE as children and are homozygous for rare deleterious variants of TMEFF1, which encodes a cell membrane protein that is preferentially expressed by brain cortical neurons. TMEFF1 interacts with the cell-surface HSV-1 receptor NECTIN-1, impairing HSV-1 glycoprotein D- and NECTIN-1-mediated fusion of the virus and the cell membrane, blocking viral entry. Gene...
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作者：Callaway, Ewen
摘要：Scientists are using consumer-genomics databases to link living people to ancestors from the recent and not-so-recent past. But the meaning of these connections isn't always clear.
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作者：Lee, Seyoon; Lee, Hanjae; Kim, Juhyun; Kim, Jong-Il
作者单位：Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU)
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作者：Trost, Chantel N.; Yang, Jing; Garcia, Bianca; Hidalgo-Reyes, Yurima; Fung, Beatrice C. M.; Wang, Jiuyu; Lu, Wang-Ting; Maxwell, Karen L.; Wang, Yanli; Davidson, Alan R.
作者单位：University of Toronto; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Biophysics, CAS; Jiangsu University; University of Toronto; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; University of Toronto; Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids)
摘要：In biological systems, the activities of macromolecular complexes must sometimes be turned off. Thus, a wide variety of protein inhibitors has evolved for this purpose. These inhibitors function through diverse mechanisms, including steric blocking of crucial interactions, enzymatic modification of key residues or substrates, and perturbation of post-translational modifications1. Anti-CRISPRs-proteins that block the activity of CRISPR-Cas systems-are one of the largest groups of inhibitors des...
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作者：Ficetola, Gentile Francesco; Marta, Silvio; Guerrieri, Alessia; Cantera, Isabel; Bonin, Aurelie; Cauvy-Fraunie, Sophie; Ambrosini, Roberto; Caccianiga, Marco; Anthelme, Fabien; Azzoni, Roberto Sergio; Almond, Peter; Alviz Gazitua, Pablo; Ceballos Lievano, Jorge Luis; Chand, Pritam; Sharma, Milap Chand; Clague, John J.; Cochachin Rapre, Justiniano Alejo; Compostella, Chiara; Cruz Encarnacion, Rolando; Dangles, Olivier; Deline, Philip; Eger, Andre; Erokhin, Sergey; Franzetti, Andrea; Gielly, Ludovic; Gili, Fabrizio; Gobbi, Mauro; Hagvar, Sigmund; Kaufmann, Rudiger; Khedim, Norine; Isela Meneses, Rosa; Morales-Martinez, Marco Aurelio; Peyre, Gwendolyn; Pittino, Francesca; Proietto, Angela; Rabatel, Antoine; Sieron, Katrin; Tielidze, Levan; Urseitova, Nurai; Yang, Yan; Zaginaev, Vitalii; Zerboni, Andrea; Zimmer, Anais; Diolaiuti, Guglielmina Adele; Taberlet, Pierre; Poulenard, Jerome; Fontaneto, Diego; Thuiller, Wilfried; Carteron, Alexis
作者单位：University of Milan; Universite Savoie Mont Blanc; Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse (IGG-CNR); INRAE; University of Milan; Universite de Montpellier; CIRAD; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); INRAE; University of Milan; Lincoln University - New Zealand; Universidad de Los Lagos; Central University of Punjab; Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi; Simon Fraser University; Universite PSL; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE); Institut Agro; Montpellier SupAgro; CIRAD; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite Paul-Valery; Universite de Montpellier; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Savoie Mont Blanc; Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic (NAS KR); University of Milano-Bicocca; University of Turin; Norwegian University of Life Sciences; University of Innsbruck; Universidad Veracruzana; Universidad de los Andes (Colombia); Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU); INRAE; Monash University; Ilia State University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; University of Central Asia; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque (IRSA-CNR); National Biodiversity Future Center; INRAE; Universite Federale Toulouse Midi-Pyrenees (ComUE); Universite de Toulouse; Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse
摘要：The global retreat of glaciers is dramatically altering mountain and high-latitude landscapes, with new ecosystems developing from apparently barren substrates(1-4). The study of these emerging ecosystems is critical to understanding how climate change interacts with microhabitat and biotic communities and determines the future of ice-free terrains1,5. Here, using a comprehensive characterization of ecosystems (soil properties, microclimate, productivity and biodiversity by environmental DNA m...
