The development of terrestrial ecosystems emerging after glacier retreat

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Ficetola, Gentile Francesco; Marta, Silvio; Guerrieri, Alessia; Cantera, Isabel; Bonin, Aurelie; Cauvy-Fraunie, Sophie; Ambrosini, Roberto; Caccianiga, Marco; Anthelme, Fabien; Azzoni, Roberto Sergio; Almond, Peter; Alviz Gazitua, Pablo; Ceballos Lievano, Jorge Luis; Chand, Pritam; Sharma, Milap Chand; Clague, John J.; Cochachin Rapre, Justiniano Alejo; Compostella, Chiara; Cruz Encarnacion, Rolando; Dangles, Olivier; Deline, Philip; Eger, Andre; Erokhin, Sergey; Franzetti, Andrea; Gielly, Ludovic; Gili, Fabrizio; Gobbi, Mauro; Hagvar, Sigmund; Kaufmann, Rudiger; Khedim, Norine; Isela Meneses, Rosa; Morales-Martinez, Marco Aurelio; Peyre, Gwendolyn; Pittino, Francesca; Proietto, Angela; Rabatel, Antoine; Sieron, Katrin; Tielidze, Levan; Urseitova, Nurai; Yang, Yan; Zaginaev, Vitalii; Zerboni, Andrea; Zimmer, Anais; Diolaiuti, Guglielmina Adele; Taberlet, Pierre; Poulenard, Jerome; Fontaneto, Diego; Thuiller, Wilfried; Carteron, Alexis
• 署名单位: University of Milan; Universite Savoie Mont Blanc; Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse (IGG-CNR); INRAE; University of Milan; Universite de Montpellier; CIRAD; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); INRAE; University of Milan; Lincoln University - New Zealand; Universidad de Los Lagos; Central University of Punjab; Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi; Simon Fraser University; Universite PSL; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE); Institut Agro; Montpellier SupAgro; CIRAD; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite Paul-Valery; Universite de Montpellier; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Savoie Mont Blanc; Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic (NAS KR); University of Milano-Bicocca; University of Turin; Norwegian University of Life Sciences; University of Innsbruck; Universidad Veracruzana; Universidad de los Andes (Colombia); Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU); INRAE; Monash University; Ilia State University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; University of Central Asia; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque (IRSA-CNR); National Biodiversity Future Center; INRAE; Universite Federale Toulouse Midi-Pyrenees (ComUE); Universite de Toulouse; Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-5675
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07778-2
• 发表日期: 2024-08-08
• 页码: 336-+
• 关键词: r package; spatial autocorrelation; microbial communities; succession; models; plant; chronosequences; colonization; biodiversity; regression

摘要

The global retreat of glaciers is dramatically altering mountain and high-latitude landscapes, with new ecosystems developing from apparently barren substrates(1-4). The study of these emerging ecosystems is critical to understanding how climate change interacts with microhabitat and biotic communities and determines the future of ice-free terrains1,5. Here, using a comprehensive characterization of ecosystems (soil properties, microclimate, productivity and biodiversity by environmental DNA metabarcoding(6)) across 46 proglacial landscapes worldwide, we found that all the environmental properties change with time since glaciers retreated, and that temperature modulates the accumulation of soil nutrients. The richness of bacteria, fungi, plants and animals increases with time since deglaciation, but their temporal patterns differ. Microorganisms colonized most rapidly in the first decades after glacier retreat, whereas most macroorganisms took longer. Increased habitat suitability, growing complexity of biotic interactions and temporal colonization all contribute to the increase in biodiversity over time. These processes also modify community composition for all the groups of organisms. Plant communities show positive links with all other biodiversity components and have a key role in ecosystem development. These unifying patterns provide new insights into the early dynamics of deglaciated terrains and highlight the need for integrated surveillance of their multiple environmental properties(5).