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作者：Gruss, Peter
作者单位：Max Planck Society
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作者：Zeng, Ziqiang; Xu, Jiuping
作者单位：Sichuan University
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作者：Oger, Cedric; Bouuaert, Corentin Claeys
作者单位：Universite Catholique Louvain
摘要：SPO11 initiates meiotic recombination through the induction of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs)1,2, but this catalytic activity has never been reconstituted in vitro3,4. Here, using Mus musculus SPO11, we report a biochemical system that recapitulates all the hallmarks of meiotic DSB formation. We show that SPO11 catalyses break formation in the absence of any partners and remains covalently attached to the 5 ' broken strands. We find that target site selection by SPO11 is influenced...
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作者：Tadross, John A.; Steuernagel, Lukas; Dowsett, Georgina K. C.; Kentistou, Katherine A.; Lundh, Sofia; Porniece, Marta; Klemm, Paul; Rainbow, Kara; Hvid, Henning; Kania, Katarzyna; Polex-Wolf, Joseph; Knudsen, Lotte Bjerre; Pyke, Charles; Perry, John R. B.; Lam, Brian Y. H.; Bruening, Jens C.; Yeo, Giles S. H.
作者单位：University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC); University of Cambridge; Cancer Research UK; CRUK Cambridge Institute; University of Cologne; University of Cologne; University of Cologne; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)
摘要：The hypothalamus is a brain region that plays a key role in coordinating fundamental biological functions1. However, our understanding of the underlying cellular components and neurocircuitries have, until recently, emerged primarily from rodent studies2,3. Here we combine single-nucleus sequencing of 433,369 human hypothalamic cells with spatial transcriptomics, generating a comprehensive spatio-cellular transcriptional map of the hypothalamus, the 'HYPOMAP'. Although conservation of neuronal...
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作者：Garisto, Dan
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作者：Lowet, Adam S.; Zheng, Qiao; Meng, Melissa; Matias, Sara; Drugowitsch, Jan; Uchida, Naoshige
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
摘要：Machine learning research has achieved large performance gains on a wide range of tasks by expanding the learning target from mean rewards to entire probability distributions of rewards-an approach known as distributional reinforcement learning (RL)1. The mesolimbic dopamine system is thought to underlie RL in the mammalian brain by updating a representation of mean value in the striatum2, but little is known about whether, where and how neurons in this circuit encode information about higher-...
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作者：Muller, Miryam; May, Stephanie; Hall, Holly; Kendall, Timothy J.; Mcgarry, Lynn; Blukacz, Lauriane; Nuciforo, Sandro; Georgakopoulou, Anastasia; Jamieson, Thomas; Phinichkusolchit, Narisa; Dhayade, Sandeep; Suzuki, Toshiyasu; Huguet-Pradell, Julia; Powley, Ian R.; Officer-Jones, Leah; Pennie, Rachel L.; Esteban-Fabro, Roger; Gris-Oliver, Albert; Pinyol, Roser; Skalka, George L.; Leslie, Jack; Hoare, Matthew; Sprangers, Joep; Malviya, Gaurav; Mackintosh, Agata; Johnson, Emma; Mccain, Misti; Halpin, John; Kiourtis, Christos; Nixon, Colin; Clark, Graeme; Clark, William; Shaw, Robin; Hedley, Ann; Drake, Thomas M.; Tan, Ee Hong; Neilson, Matt; Murphy, Daniel J.; Lewis, David Y.; Reeves, Helen L.; Le Quesne, John; Mann, Derek A.; Carlin, Leo M.; Blyth, Karen; Llovet, Josep M.; Heim, Markus H.; Sansom, Owen J.; Miller, Crispin J.; Bird, Thomas G.
作者单位：University of Glasgow; University of Edinburgh; University of Basel; University of Barcelona; Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; IDIBAPS; Newcastle University - UK; Newcastle University - UK; University of Cambridge; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Addenbrooke's Hospital; University of Cambridge; University of Edinburgh; Newcastle University - UK; Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Queen Elizabeth University Hospital (QEUH); Koc University; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; ICREA
摘要：Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of primary liver cancer, is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide1,2. HCC occurs typically from a background of chronic liver disease, caused by a spectrum of predisposing conditions. Tumour development is driven by the expansion of clones that accumulate progressive driver mutations3, with hepatocytes the most likely cell of origin2. However, the landscape of driver mutations in HCC is broadly independent of the underlying a...
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作者：Yamada, Tatsuya; Ikeda, Arisa; Murata, Daisuke; Wang, Hu; Zhang, Cissy; Khare, Pratik; Adachi, Yoshihiro; Ito, Fumiya; Quiros, Pedro M.; Blackshaw, Seth; Lopez-Otin, Carlos; Langer, Thomas; Chan, David C.; Le, Anne; Dawson, Valina L.; Dawson, Ted M.; Iijima, Miho; Sesaki, Hiromi
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; University of Oviedo; Instituto Universitario de Oncologia de Asturias; Johns Hopkins University; Max Planck Society; California Institute of Technology; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Universite Paris Cite; Sorbonne Universite; Universidad Antonio de Nebrija
摘要：Mitochondrial stress pathways protect mitochondrial health from cellular insults1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7-8. However, their role under physiological conditions is largely unknown. Here, using 18 single, double and triple whole-body and tissue-specific knockout and mutant mice, along with systematic mitochondrial morphology analysis, untargeted metabolomics and RNA sequencing, we discovered that the synergy between two stress-responsive systems-the ubiquitin E3 ligase Parkin and the metalloprotease O...
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作者：Thiruppathy, Mathi; Teubner, Lauren; Roberts, Ryan R.; Lasser, Micaela C.; Moscatello, Alessandra; Chen, Ya-Wen; Hochstim, Christian; Ruffins, Seth; Sarkar, Arijita; Tassey, Jade; Evseenko, Denis; Lozito, Thomas P.; Willsey, Helen Rankin; Gillis, J. Andrew; Crump, J. Gage
作者单位：University of Southern California; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; New York Medical College; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Children's Hospital Los Angeles; University of Southern California; University of Southern California; Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI); Marine Biological Laboratory - Woods Hole
摘要：How new structures emerge during evolution has long fascinated biologists. An example is how the diminutive bones of the mammalian middle ear arose from ancestral fish jawbones1. By contrast, the evolutionary origin of the outer ear, another mammalian innovation, remains a mystery, partly because it is supported by non-mineralized elastic cartilage, which is rarely recovered in fossils. Whether the outer ear arose de novo or through the reuse of ancestral developmental programs has remained un...
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作者：Baker, Simon
