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作者：Tang, Xinzhe; Hu, Zetao; Ding, Jian; Wu, Meixia; Guan, Pin; Song, Yawei; Yin, Yue; Wu, Wei; Ma, Jinbiao; Huang, Ying; Tong, Ming-Han
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, CAS; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Fudan University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, CAS
摘要：The Spo11 complex catalyses the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), initiating meiotic recombination-a process that is essential for fertility and genetic diversity1,2. Although the function of Spo11 has been known for 27 years, previous efforts to reconstitute DSB formation in vitro have been unsuccessful. Here we biochemically characterize the mouse SPO11-TOP6BL protein complex, and show that this complex cleaves DNA and covalently attaches to the 5 ' terminus of DNA breaks in vitr...
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作者：Khan, Nicole S.
作者单位：University of Hong Kong; University of Hong Kong
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作者：[Anonymous]
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作者：Qin, Haoye; Su, Zengping; Zhang, Zhe; Lv, Wenjing; Yang, Zijin; Chen, Weijin; Gao, Xinyue; Wei, Heng; Shi, Yuzhi; Li, Bo; Zhou, Ji; Fleury, Romain; Qiu, Cheng-Wei; Song, Qinghua
作者单位：Tsinghua University; Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; Tsinghua University; National University of Singapore; Tongji University; Suzhou Laboratory
摘要：Topological defects and disorder counteract each other1, 2, 3, 4-5. Intuitively, disorder is considered detrimental, requiring efforts to mitigate its effects in conventional topological photonics6, 7, 8-9. We propose a counter-intuitive approach that exploits a real-momentum topological photonic crystal that harnesses real-space disorder to generate a Pancharatnam-Berry phase10,11, without disrupting the momentum-space singularity originating from bound states in the continuum12. This methodo...
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作者：Mcarthur, Kate; Ryan, Michael T.
作者单位：Monash University
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作者：Zhang, Chunyu; Liu, Liping
作者单位：Guangxi Normal University
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作者：Stroud, James T.; Ratcliff, William C.
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology
摘要：From experimental evolution in the laboratory to sustained measurements of natural selection in the wild, long-term studies have revolutionized our understanding of evolution. By directly investigating evolutionary dynamics in real time, these approaches have provided unparallelled insights into the complex interplay between evolutionary process and pattern. These approaches can reveal oscillations, stochastic fluctuations and systematic trends that unfold over extended periods, expose critica...
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作者：Yuksekgonul, Mert; Bianchi, Federico; Boen, Joseph; Liu, Sheng; Lu, Pan; Huang, Zhi; Guestrin, Carlos; Zou, James
作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI)
摘要：Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly driven by systems orchestrating multiple large language models (LLMs) and other specialized tools, such as search engines and simulators. So far, these systems are primarily handcrafted by domain experts and tweaked through heuristics rather than being automatically optimized, presenting a substantial challenge to accelerating progress. The development of artificial neural networks faced a similar challenge until backpropaga...
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作者：Begueria, Santiago
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作者：Castelvecchi, Davide
