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作者：Fang, Hanming; Wang, Long; Yang, Yang
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research; Fudan University; Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：The entry of High-Speed Railways (HSR) represents disruptive competition to airlines. Utilizing a unique dataset of all flights departing from Beijing to 113 domestic destinations in China since January 2009, we employ a difference-in-differences approach to examine the effects of HSR entry on on-time performance and to identify the channels. We document two main findings. First, the entry of HSR leads to significant reductions in the mean and variance of travel delays on the affected airline ...
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作者：Leder-Luis, Jetson
作者单位：Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper analyzes private antifraud enforcement under the False Claims Act, which compensates whistleblowers for litigating against health care providers who overbill the US government. I conduct several case studies of successful whistleblower lawsuits concerning Medicare fraud, pairing new legal data with large samples of Medicare claims. I estimate that deterrence from $1.9 billion in whistleblower settlements generated Medicare cost savings of nearly $19 billion, while imposing low costs...
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作者：Advani, Arun; Koenig, Felix; Pessina, Lorenzo; Summers, Andy
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Carnegie Mellon University; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Using administrative data on the universe of U.K. taxpayers, we study the contribution of migrants to the rise in U.K. top incomes. We show that migrants are over-represented at the top of the income distribution, with migrants twice as prevalent in the top 0.01% as anywhere in the bottom 97% of taxpayers. These high incomes are predominantly from labor, rather than capital, and migrants are concentrated in only a handful of industries, predominantly finance. All of the observed growth in the ...
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作者：Eble, Alex; Hu, Feng
作者单位：Columbia University; University of Science & Technology Beijing
摘要：Colleges can send signals about their quality by adopting new, more alluring names. We study how this affects college choice and labor market performance of college graduates. Administrative data show name-changing colleges enroll higher-aptitude students, with larger effects for alluring-but-misleading name changes and among students with less information. A large resume audit study suggests a small premium for new college names in most jobs, and a significant penalty in lower-status jobs. We...
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作者：Davis, Lucas W.
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作者：Park, Sangyoon; Yuan, Zhaoneng; Zhang, Hongsong
作者单位：University of Hong Kong
摘要：This paper examines the impacts of technology training and buyer-supplier relationship on technology adoption and quality upgrading. We randomly varied subjects of each training group across farmer-exporter clusters-farmers, exporters, both, or none-and provided training on Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). We find that training farmers enhances technology adoption and quality upgrading. Yet, the effects are much stronger when farmers and exporters are trained together. We document a plausibl...
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作者：Chen, Cuicui
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Albany, SUNY
摘要：I propose a new method of identifying firms' subjective beliefs in dynamic models. In settings where actions are continuous and substitutable in contributing to an endogenous state, I show how beliefs about exogenous state transitions can be separately identified from static payoffs. Applying this method to identifying beliefs about future SO2 allowance prices in the U.S. Acid Rain Program, I find that electric utilities underestimate the movements in the allowance price, leading to compliance...
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作者：Berkes, Enrico; Deschenes, Olivier; Gaetani, Ruben; Lin, Jeffrey; Severen, Christopher
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Toronto; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia
摘要：Does social distancing harm innovation? We estimate the effect of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs)-policies that restrict interactions in an attempt to slow the spread of disease-on local invention. We construct a panel of issued patents and NPIs adopted by 50 large U.S. cities during the 1918 flu pandemic. Difference-in-differences estimates show that cities adopting longer NPIs did not experience a decline in patenting during the pandemic relative to short-NPI cities, and they recorded...
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作者：Blair, Peter Q.; Chung, Bobby W.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; State University System of Florida; University of South Florida
摘要：Among men, the Black-White wage gap is as large today as it was in 1950. We test whether this gap is due to asymmetric information using newly collected data on occupational licensing laws that ban workers with criminal records. We find evidence supporting this hypothesis. The licensing premiums for Black men are largest in licensed occupations that restrict felons, particularly in states with banthe-box laws and at small businesses. In these contexts where a worker's criminal history is diffi...
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作者：Bucheli, Jose R.; Fontenla, Matias
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas El Paso; University of New Mexico
摘要：Mexican migration to the United States-one of the largest flows in human history-inverted in the late 2000s, and during the next decade more Mexicans returned home than those who migrated north. We exploit this historical reversal to estimate the effects of return migration on economic development in Mexico. We find that return migration leads to higher levels of development through improved income, labor, health, and educational outcomes. Our findings suggest that the benefits of migration ex...
