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作者：Daysal, N. Meltem; Simonsen, Marianne; Trandafir, Mircea; Breining, Sanni
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Aarhus University; University of Southern Denmark
摘要：We investigate the effects of early-life medical treatments on the treated children and their families. We use a regression discontinuity design that exploits changes in medical treatments across the very low birth weight (VLBW) cutoff. Using administrative data from Denmark, we establish that VLBW children have better health and higher test scores. We find that these benefits spill over to other family members: mothers enjoy better mental health, and siblings have higher test scores. Maternal...
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作者：Levin, Dan; Zhang, Luyao
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Duke Kunshan University
摘要：We introduce NLK, a model that connects the Nash equilibrium (NE) and level-k. It allows a player in a game to believe that her opponent may be either less or as sophisticated as she is, a view supported in psychology. We apply NLK to data from five published papers on static, dynamic, and auction games. NLK provides different predictions from those of the NE and level-k; moreover, a simple version of NLK explains the experimental data better in many cases, with the same or fewer parameters. W...
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作者：Cortes, Kristle R.; Glover, Andrew; Tasci, Murat
作者单位：University of New South Wales Sydney; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Kansas City; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Cleveland
摘要：Over the past fifteen years, eleven states have restricted employers' access to the credit reports of job applicants. We estimate that county-level job vacancies have fallen by 5.5% in occupations affected by these laws relative to exempt occupations in the same counties and national-level vacancies for the same occupations. Cross-sectional heterogeneity suggests that employers use credit reports as signals of a worker's ability to perform the job: vacancies fall more in counties with a large ...
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作者：Riise, Julie; Willage, Barton; Willen, Alexander
作者单位：University of Bergen; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：We use exogenously assigned general practitioners to study the effects of female role models on girls' educational outcomes. Girls who are exposed to female general practitioners are more likely to sort into male-dominated education programs in high school, most notably science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM). These effects persist as they enter college and select majors. The effects are larger for high-ability girls with low-educated mothers, suggesting that female...
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作者：Ghosal, Sayantan; Jana, Smarajit; Mani, Anandi; Mitra, Sandip; Roy, Sanchari
作者单位：University of Glasgow; University of Oxford; Indian Statistical Institute; Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata; University of London; King's College London
摘要：This paper studies the link between self-image and behavior among those who face stigma due to poverty and social exclusion. Using a randomized field experiment with sex workers in Kolkata (India), we examine whether a psychological intervention to mitigate adverse effects of internalized stigma can induce behavior change. We find significant improvements in participants' self-image, their savings choices, and health clinic visits. Administrative data confirm that these changes in savings and ...
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作者：Williams, Jenny; Weatherbum, Don
作者单位：University of Melbourne; University of New South Wales Sydney
摘要：We evaluate electronic monitoring as an alternative to prison for nonviolent offenses. Leveraging plausibly exogenous variation in sentencing outcomes generated by quasi-random assignment of judges, we find electronic monitoring reduces reoffending at both extensive and intensive margins. Compared with prison, electronic monitoring is estimated to reduce the probability of reoffending by 22 percentage points five years after sentencing and by 11 percentage points ten years after sentencing, wi...
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作者：Cascaldi-Garcia, Danilo; Vukotic, Marija
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors; University of Warwick
摘要：What do patents tell us about the economic effects of future technological improvements? We identify aggregate and industry-level patent-based news shocks by exploiting changes in stock market valuations of firms that obtain patent grants. Our shocks resemble diffusion news: they do not affect total factor productivity in the short run but induce a strong permanent effect after five years. We find that patent-based news shocks produce positive co-movement between consumption, output, investmen...
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作者：Fishman, Ram; Smith, Stephen C.; Bobic, Vida; Sulaiman, Munshi
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; George Washington University; Inter-American Development Bank; Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee BRAC; BRAC University
摘要：Many development programs that attempt to disseminate improved technologies are limited in duration because of external funding constraints or an assumption of impact sustainability, but there is limited evidence on whether and when terminating such programs is efficient. We provide novel experimental evidence on the impacts of a randomized phaseout of an agricultural extension and subsidy program that promotes improved inputs and cultivation practices among smallholder women farmers in Uganda...
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作者：Renkin, Tobias; Montialoux, Claire; Siegenthaler, Michael
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
摘要：This paper estimates the pass-through of minimum wage increases into the prices of U.S. grocery and drug stores. We use high-frequency scanner data and leverage a large number of state-level increases in minimum wages between 2001 and 2012. We find that a 10% minimum wage hike translates into a 0.36% increase in the prices of grocery products. This magnitude is consistent with a full pass-through of cost increases into consumer prices. We show that price adjustments occur mostly in the three m...
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作者：Boehm, Johannes
摘要：I study how supplier contracting frictions shape the patterns of intermediate input use and quantify the impact of these distortions on aggregate productivity. Using the frequency of litigation between US firms as a novel measure to capture the need for formal enforcement, I find a robust relationship between countries' input-output structure and their quality of legal institutions. In countries with high enforcement costs, firms have lower expenditure shares on intermediate inputs in sector p...
