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作者：Shum, Matthew; Xin, Yi
作者单位：California Institute of Technology
摘要：We present evidence consistent with time-varying risk preferences among automobile drivers. Exploiting a unique data set of agents' high-frequency driving behavior collected by a mobile phone application, we show that drivers drive more conservatively following near-miss accidents. In a preferred specification, a near-miss triggers a reduction in driving distance of 12.98 kilometers, in-car cell phone use by more than 100%, and highway use by 43.24%. Structural estimation results indicate that...
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作者：Blundell, Richard; Horowitz, Joel; Parey, Matthias
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Northwestern University; University of Surrey
摘要：Berkson errors are commonplace in empirical microeconomics. In consumer demand, this form of measurement error occurs when the price an individual pays is measured by the (weighted) average price paid by individuals in a group (e.g., a county) rather than the true transaction price. We show the importance of Berkson errors for demand estimation with nonseparable unobserved heterogeneity. We develop a consistent estimator using external information on the true price distribution. Examining gaso...
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作者：van Leeuwen, Boris; Offerman, Theo; van de Ven, Jeroen
作者单位：Tilburg University; University of Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute
摘要：We study a dynamic game in which players compete for a prize. In a waiting game with two-sided private information about strength levels, players choose fighting, fleeing, or waiting. Players earn a deterrence value on top of the prize if their opponent escapes without a battle. We show that this value is a key determinant of the type of equilibrium. For intermediate values, sorting takes place, with weaker players fleeing before others fight. Time then helps to reduce battles. In an experimen...
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作者：Galletta, Sergio; Giommoni, Tommaso
作者单位：University of Bergamo; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
摘要：We estimate the effect of the 1918 influenza pandemic on income inequality in Italian municipalities. Our identification strategy exploits the exogenous diffusion of influenza across municipalities due to the presence of infected soldiers on leave from World War I operations. The measures of income inequality come from newly digitized historical administrative records on taxpayer incomes. We show that in the short and medium run, income inequality is higher in municipalities more afflicted by ...
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作者：Londono-Velez, Juliana; Querubin, Pablo
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; New York University
摘要：We study the impact of money on households during the COVID-19 pandemic. In March 2020, Colombia rolled out a new unconditional cash transfer (UCT) to 1 million households in poverty worth US$19 (PPP US$55.6) and paid every five to eight weeks. Using a randomized control trial and linked administrative and survey data, we find the UCT had positive (albeit modest) effects on measures of household well-being (e.g., financial health, food access). Moreover, the UCT boosted support for emergency a...
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作者：Friedrich, Benjamin U.
作者单位：Aarhus University; Northwestern University
摘要：This paper shows robust effects of trade shocks on within-firm wage inequality through changes in firm hierarchies. It uses two distinct research designs-one considering firm-level shocks to foreign demand and transportation costs, the other analyzing the Muslim boycott of Danish exports after the 2006 cartoon crisis. Consistent with knowledge-based and incentive-based hierarchy models, trade shocks affect organizational choices through production scale. Adding a hierarchy layer increases ineq...
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作者：Arora, Ashna
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：This paper evaluates the effects of encouraging the selection of local politicians in India via community consensus, as opposed to a secret ballot election. Using village-level data on candidates, elected politicians, government budgets, and workfare employment, I show that incentives for consensus elections lead to politicians who are more educated but less likely to be drawn from historically marginalized castes and increase how regressively workfare employment is targeted. These results are...
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作者：Schnitzer, Monika; Watzinger, Martin
作者单位：University of Munich; University of Munster
摘要：This paper shows that venture capital investment in start-ups increases innovation of established companies in technologically related fields due to knowledge spillovers. To address endogeneity issues, we instrument R&D expenditures of established companies with state-level R&D tax credits (Bloom, Schankerman, & Van Reenen, 2013) and venture capital investment with past fundraising of private equity buyout funds (Nanda & Rhodes-Kropf, 2013). Exploring the mechanism, we show that the patents of...
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作者：Christensen, Peter; Sarmiento-Barbieri, Ignacio; Timmins, Christopher
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; Universidad de los Andes (Colombia); Duke University
摘要：Local pollution exposures have a disproportionate impact on minority households, but the root causes remain unclear. This study conducts a correspondence experiment on a major online housing platform to test whether housing discrimination constrains minority access to housing options in markets with significant sources of airborne chemical toxics. We find that renters with African American or Hispanic/Latinx names are 41% less likely than renters with white names to receive responses for prope...
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作者：Gine, Xavier; Mansuri, Ghazala; Shrestha, Slesh A.
作者单位：The World Bank; National University of Singapore
摘要：We assess the role of monetary incentives in a mission-oriented organization by randomly assigning workers to one of two bonus schemes, incentivizing either the performance of a microcredit program (bottom line) or the empowerment of clients (mission). We find that the credit bonus improved credit-related outcomes but undermined the social mission, while the social bonus did not harm the bottom line. These results are consistent with a multitasking model with production spillovers or with pros...
