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作者：Anderson, Michael L.; Davis, Lucas W.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Previous studies of the effect of ridesharing on traffic fatalities have yielded inconsistent conclusions. We revisit this question using proprietary data from Uber measuring monthly rideshare activity at the Census tract level. We find a consistent negative effect of ridesharing on traffic fatalities, with impacts concentrated during nights and weekends. Our results imply that ridesharing has decreased U.S. traffic fatalities by 5.2% in areas where it operates. The annual life-saving benefits...
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作者：Bonadio, Barthelemy
作者单位：New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi
摘要：Migrants shape market access: They reduce international trade frictions and they affect the geographical location of demand. This article incorporates both effects in a model of inter- and intranational trade and migration calibrated to U.S. states. It estimates the elasticity of exports and imports to migrants and shows that reducing U.S. migrant population shares to 1980s levels would increase import (export) trade costs by 7% (2.5%) and decrease U.S. natives' real wages by more than 2%. Sta...
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作者：Cassidy, Traviss; Velayudhan, Tejaswi
作者单位：University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We estimate the impact of local government fragmentation on economic activity in Indonesia from 2000 to 2014, when the number of districts increased by 50%. Exploiting idiosyncratic variation in the timing of district splits, we find that fragmentation reduces district GDP in the short term despite large increases in central transfers. The GDP decline is larger in child districts that acquire a new capital and government. Furthermore, splitting districts focus spending on administration withou...
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作者：Berkes, Enrico; Deschenes, Olivier; Gaetani, Ruben; Lin, Jeffrey; Severen, Christopher
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Toronto; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia
摘要：Does social distancing harm innovation? We estimate the effect of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs)-policies that restrict interactions in an attempt to slow the spread of disease-on local invention. We construct a panel of issued patents and NPIs adopted by 50 large U.S. cities during the 1918 flu pandemic. Difference-in-differences estimates show that cities adopting longer NPIs did not experience a decline in patenting during the pandemic relative to short-NPI cities, and they recorded...
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作者：Blair, Peter Q.; Chung, Bobby W.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; State University System of Florida; University of South Florida
摘要：Among men, the Black-White wage gap is as large today as it was in 1950. We test whether this gap is due to asymmetric information using newly collected data on occupational licensing laws that ban workers with criminal records. We find evidence supporting this hypothesis. The licensing premiums for Black men are largest in licensed occupations that restrict felons, particularly in states with banthe-box laws and at small businesses. In these contexts where a worker's criminal history is diffi...
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作者：Bucheli, Jose R.; Fontenla, Matias
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas El Paso; University of New Mexico
摘要：Mexican migration to the United States-one of the largest flows in human history-inverted in the late 2000s, and during the next decade more Mexicans returned home than those who migrated north. We exploit this historical reversal to estimate the effects of return migration on economic development in Mexico. We find that return migration leads to higher levels of development through improved income, labor, health, and educational outcomes. Our findings suggest that the benefits of migration ex...
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作者：Altmann, Steffen; Falk, Armin; Grunewald, Andreas
作者单位：University of Wurzburg; University of Copenhagen; University of Bonn; Frankfurt School Finance & Management
摘要：We report the results of two laboratory experiments and a repre-sentative survey that investigate how default effects are shaped by informa-tion asymmetries and strategic incentives. We document that defaults aremore informative when the interests of default setters and decision makersare more closely aligned. Decision makers' propensity to accept defaultsdepends, both, on the alignment of interests and the quality of their infor-mation. In a second experiment, we demonstrate that decision mak...
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作者：Moretti, Enrico; Steinwender, Claudia; Van Reenen, John
作者单位：University of California System; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California Berkeley; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We examine the impact of government funding for R&D-anddefense-related R&D in particular-on privately conducted R&D and itsultimate effect on productivity growth. We estimate longitudinal modelsthat relate privately funded R&D to lagged government-funded R&D usingindustry-country level data from OECD countries and firm level data fromFrance. To deal with the potentially endogenous allocation of governmentR&D funds, we use changes in predicted defense R&D as an instrumentalvariable. In many OEC...
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作者：Korenok, Oleg; Munro, David; Chen, Jiayi
作者单位：Virginia Commonwealth University; Middlebury College
摘要：One of the dangers of high inflation is that it can cause individuals to pay close attention to it. This internalization of inflation can lead to an accelerationist regime, making inflation harder to control. We empirically assess the relationship between attention and inflation for 38 countries. Our measures of attention are constructed from Internet search behavior or the popularity of inflation mentions on Twitter. We find evidence that attention thresholds exist for most of the countries, ...
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作者：Bossuroy, Thomas; Delavallade, Clara; Pons, Vincent
作者单位：The World Bank; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：We examine the impact of biometric monitoring devices placed in tuberculosis treatment centers in Indian slums. The devices record health worker attendance and patient visits. Combining survey data, random center visits, and hospital registers, we find that patients at biometric-equipped centers are 25% less likely to interrupt treatment, reflecting increased efforts by health workers and greater daily adherence by patients. The technology also improves the quality of public data by reducing o...
